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71.
The effect of textile mill wastewater on germination, delay index, physiological growth parameters, and plant pigments of two cultivars of chickpea was studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of textile mill wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for irrigational purposes. The textile effluent did not show any inhibitory effect on seed germination at a lower concentration (6.25%). The other reported plant parameters (delay index, root length, shoot length, dry weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoid) also followed a similar trend. Seeds germinated in 100% effluents but did not survive for longer periods. It has also been concluded that the effect of the textile effluent is cultivar-specific, and due care should be taken before using the textile mill wastewater for irrigation purposes. 相似文献
72.
Semi-parametric Bayesian density estimation using ranked set sample in the presence of ranking error
In this paper, we propose a Bayesian method to estimate the underlying density function of a study variable Y using a ranked set sample in which an auxiliary variable X is used to rank the sampling units. The amount of association between X and Y is not known, resulting in an unknown degree of ranking error. We assume that (X, Y) follows a Morgenstern family of distributions. The study variable Y is assumed to have a parametric distribution, with the distribution of the parameters having a Dirichlet process prior. A Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure is developed to obtain a Bayesian estimator of the desired density function as well as of the ranking error. A simulation study is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. An example from forestry is used to illustrate a real-life application of the proposed methodology. 相似文献
73.
Rakesh Kumar Ghosh Zareen S. Khan C. V. N. Rao Kaushik Banerjee D. Damodar Reddy T. G. K. Murthy Nalli Johnson Deb Prasad Ray 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5069-5075
Presence of pesticide residues in tobacco increases health risk of both active and passive smokers, apart from the imminent potential health problems associated with it. Thus, monitoring of pesticide residue is an important issue in terms of formulating stringent policies, enabling global trade and safeguarding the consumer’s safety. In this study, a gas chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method based upon quantifier-qualifier ions (m/z) ratio was employed for detecting and assessing ten organochlorine pesticide residues (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, endrin, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate) in 152 flue-cured (FC) tobacco leave samples from two major tobacco growing states, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, of India. In the majority of samples, pesticide residue levels were below the limit of quantification (LOQ). In few samples, pesticide residues were detected and they found to comply with the guidance residue levels (GRL) specifications of the Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA). Detection of the phase out pesticides like DDT/HCH might be due to transfer of persistent residues from the environmental components to the plant. This is the first report on these ten organochlorine pesticide residues in Indian FC tobacco. 相似文献
74.
75.
Saurabh Swami Raunaq Muzammil Supradip Saha Ahammed Shabeer Dasharath Oulkar Kaushik Banerjee Shashi Bala Singh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(5):301
Ozonated water dip technique was evaluated for the detoxification of six pesticides, i.e., chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, azoxystrobin, hexaconazole, methyl parathion, and chlorothalonil from apple fruits. Results revealed that ozonation was better than washing alone. Ozonation for 15 min decreased residues of the test pesticides in the range of from 26.91 to 73.58%, while ozonation for 30 min could remove the pesticide residues by 39.39–95.14 % compared to 19.05–72.80 % by washing. Cypermethrin was the least removed pesticide by washing as well as by ozonation. Chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and azoxystrobin were removed up to 71.45–95.14 % in a 30-min ozonation period. In case of methyl parathion removal, no extra advantage could be obtained by ozonation. The HPLC analysis indicated that ozonation also affected adversely the ascorbic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside content of apples. However, 11 polyphenols studied showed a mixed trend. Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to decrease while syringic acid, rutin, and resveratrol were found to increase in 30-min ozonation. 相似文献
76.
Growth and yield response of marigold to potting media containing vermicompost produced from different wastes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Investigations were made to assay the influence of vermicomposts, prepared from (i) cow dung (CD) and (ii) sugar mill wastewater
treatment plant sludge spiked with horse dung, on the growth and productivity of marigold plants in pot culture experiments.
The soil was used as potting media, and vermicomposts were amended with it in 10, 20, 30 and 40% ratio. A total of nine different
potting media were prepared. The fertility status of soil and vermicomposts was quantified. There were significant differences
in the fertilizer quality of soil and both the vermicomposts. Maximum numbers of flowers was produced in the potting media
containing 30% of CD vermicompost and minimum was reported in control (soil without amendments). The diameter of biggest flower
was reported in the potting media containing 40% of sugar mill wastewater treatment plant sludge vermicompost. Results showed
that the addition of vermicompost, in appropriate quantities, to potting media has synergistic effects on growth and flowering
of plants including number of buds, number of flowers, plant shoot biomass, root biomass, plant height and diameter of flowers. 相似文献
77.
Sonia Kaushik Bandhana Katoch Vidyanand Nanjundiah 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(4):521-530
The Dictyostelid or cellular slime moulds (CSMs) are soil amoebae with an asexual life cycle involving social behaviour and
division of labour. The most obvious distinction is between ‘germ line’ or pre-spore cells, which survive, and ‘somatic’ or
pre-stalk cells, which eventually die. A plausible hypothesis to explain the apparent altruism of pre-stalk cells is that
it is directed at clonal relatives. We have tested this hypothesis by comparing indices of altruistic behaviour between clonal
and chimeric (genetically heterogeneous) social groups. The groups were generated by mixing amoebae belonging to distinguishable
strains of Dictyostelium giganteum. The amoebae of one strain do not aggregate at all when mixed with any of three other strains and aggregate poorly with a
fourth. Among the latter, co-aggregation occurs but is followed by varying extents of sorting out. At times, two strains form
separate fruiting bodies; in other cases, they remain together but are clustered in clonal groups within a single chimeric
structure. Our expectation was that the allocation of cells to the stalk pathway would be higher, and to the spore pathway
lower, in clonal social groups than in chimeras. The expectation was not always fulfilled. In addition, three strains could
be arrayed in a linear rank order in terms of the relative efficiencies of spore-formation in binary mixtures; but when all
three were mixed, they were equally efficient. More than overall genetic similarity, cell fate in a chimera seems to result
from complex non-linear interactions based on epigenetic differences. 相似文献
78.
The metabolism of fluvalinate in chickpea plants in the field under sub-tropical climatic conditions has been investigated. Ten days after spraying with fluvalinate, leaves were collected and extracted in acetone. The extract was fractionated and the metabolites were identified by co-chromatography using TLC, GLC, and GC-MS. The anilino acid, a metabolite derived from ester cleavage, was the major metabolite present as both free and conjugated forms in chickpea leaves. 3-PBacid and 3-PBalc were minor metabolites. Glucose was found to be the major sugar conjugating with the metabolites. 相似文献
79.
Fungal dye decolourization: recent advances and future potential 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Dyes released by the textile industries pose a threat to the environmental safety. Recently, dye decolourization through biological means has gained momentum as these are cheap and can be applied to wide range of dyes. This review paper focuses on the decolourization of dye wastewaters through fungi via two processes (biosorption and bioaccumulation) and discusses the effect of various process parameters like pH, temperature, dye concentration etc. on the dye removing efficiency of different fungi. Various enzymes involved in the degradation of the dyes and the metabolites thus formed have been compiled. Genetic manipulations of microorganisms for production of more efficient biological agents, various bioreactor configurations and the application of purified enzymes for decolourization, which constitute some of the recent advances in this field, have also been reviewed. The studies discussed in this paper indicate fungal decolourization has a great potential to be developed further as a decentralized wastewater treatment technology for small textile or dyeing units. However, further research work is required to study the toxicity of the metabolites of dye degradation and the possible fate of the utilized biomass in order to ensure the development of an eco-friendly technology. 相似文献
80.
Gaind S Rathi MS Kaushik BD Nain L Verma OP 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(6):663-668
Survival of Mesorhizobium ciceri (SP(4)) and Azotobacter chroococcum (CBD-15 and M(4)) was tested on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds treated with fungicides bavistin [methyl N-(1H-benzimidazol-2yl) carbamate] and thiram (tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide), whereas survival of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Pseudomonas striata (27) and Bacillus polymyxa (H(5)) was examined on two cultivars (Arkel and BV) of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds treated with thiram. Viability of Azotobacter chroococcum (W(5)) was also examined on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds treated with bavistin, captan (cis-N-trichloromethyl thio-4 cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboximide) and thiram under laboratory conditions using standard dilution and the plate count technique. All the tested strains of diazotrophs and PSB showed decline in their viable population on prolonged contact with fungicides. However, PSB showed variation in their viable population even with the cultivar. BV cultivar of pea seeds showed better recovery of viable P. striata (10.75 to 10.61 log no. of viable cells with in 0-24 hrs) in the presence of thiram, whereas the Arkel cultivar of pea resulted in better recovery of viable B. polymyxa. Azotobacter chroococcum (W(5)), a potential strain for wheat, showed better survival in the presence of bavistin, compared to thiram and captan. Higher viable population of Mesorhizobium ciceri (SP(4)) and Azotobacter chroococcum (M(4)) was recovered from chickpea seeds treated with bavistin compared to thiram. However, thiram-treated seeds resulted in a greater number of extractable Azotobacter chroococcum (CBD-15). Under field conditions, adverse effect of thiram was reflected on the performance of Mesorhizobium ciceri (SP(4)) and A. chroococcum (M(4)) strains, resulting in reduced root and shoot biomass and grain yield, compared to bavistin treated and culture inoculated treatment. CBD-15 showed better performance in the presence of thiram compared to bavistin. 相似文献