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121.
Relationships Between Landscape Characteristics and Nonpoint Source Pollution Inputs to Coastal Estuaries 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
The model can help in examining the relative sensitivity of water-quality variables to alterations in land use made at varying
distances from the stream channel. The model also shows the importance of streamside management zones, which are key to maintenance
of stream water quality. The linkage model can be considered a first step in the integration of GIS and ecological models.
The model can then be used by local and regional land managers in the formulation of plans for watershed-level management. 相似文献
122.
123.
Lakhani A Parmar RS Satsangi GS Prakash S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):435-445
Fog water samples were collected in the months of December and January during 1998–2000 at Agra, India. The samples were analyzed
for pH, major anions (F−, Cl−, SO4
2−, NO3
−, HCOO− and CH3COO−), major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and NH4
+ using ion chromatography, ICP-AES and spectrophotometer methods, respectively. pH of fog water samples ranged between 7.0
and 7.6 with a volume weighted mean of 7.2, indicating its alkaline characteristic. NH4
+ contributed 40%, SO4
2− and NO3
− accounted for 28%, while Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ accounted for 16% of the total ionic concentration. The ratios of Mg2+/Ca2+ and Na+/Ca2+ in fog water indicates that 50–75% of fog water samples correspond to the respective ratios in local soil. Significant correlation
between Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ suggests their soil origin. The order of neutralization, NH4
+ (1.4) > Ca2+ (0.28) > Mg2+ (0.12), indicates that NH4
+ is the major neutralizing species. Fog water and atmospheric alkalinity were also computed and were found to be 873 and 903 neqm−3, respectively. Both of these values are higher than values reported from temperate sites and thus indicate that at the present
level of pollutants, there is no risk of acid fog problem. The study also shows that the alkaline nature of fog water is due
to dissolution of ammonia gas and partly due to interaction of fog water with soil derived aerosols. 相似文献
124.
A Review of Public Domain Water Quality Models for Simulating Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers and Streams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prakash R. Kannel Sushil R. Kanel Seockheon Lee Young-Soo Lee Thian Y. Gan 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(2):183-204
The review discusses six major public domain water quality models currently available for rivers and streams. These major
models, which differ greatly in terms of processes they represent, data inputs requirements, assumptions, modeling capability,
their strengths and weaknesses, could yield useful results if appropriately selected for the desired purposes. The public
domain models, which are most suitable for simulating dissolved oxygen along rivers and streams, chosen in this review are
simulation catchment (SIMCAT), temporal overall model for catchments (TOMCAT), QUAL2Kw, QUAL2EU, water quality analysis simulation
program (WASP7), and quality simulation along rivers (QUASAR). Each of these models is described based on a consistent set
of criteria-conceptualization, processes, input data, model capability, limitations, model strengths, and its application.
The results revealed that SIMCAT and TOMCAT are over-simplistic but useful to quickly assess impact of point sources. The
QUAL2Kw has provision for conversion of algal death to carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) and thus more appropriate
than QUAL2EU, where macrophytes play an important interaction. The extensive requirement of data in WASP7 and QUASAR is difficult
to justify the time and costs required to set up these complex models. Thus, a single model could not serve all wide range
of functionalities required. The choice of a model depends upon availability of time, financial cost and a specific application.
This review may help to choose appropriate model for a particular water quality problem. 相似文献
125.
The European Union (EU) is an important destination for developing country exports. Has the EU’s commitment to the Kyoto Protocol induced developing countries to reduce their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions? Our analyses of 136 developing countries from 1981 through 2007 suggests that: developing countries’ export dependence on the EU is associated with CO2 emission reductions post-Kyoto in relation to the pre-Kyoto time period; this also holds for SO2, which, while not covered under Kyoto, is linked with CO2 emission levels; this does not hold for PM10, a pollutant which is not covered under Kyoto and is not directly associated with CO2 emissions related to industrial activities; developing countries’ export dependence on non-EU developed countries and on the rest of the world is not associated with significant reductions in emissions between pre- and post-Kyoto for these pollutants . In sum, even in the absence of binding regulatory mandates, the EU appears to exert market leverage to project its regulatory preferences abroad. 相似文献
126.
Periakaruppan Prakash Abraham Rajan Mahendran Karthikeyan Ramanathan Murugappan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):1063-1067
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The hydrazone moiety is a major function in medicinal chemistry because of its wide range of pharmacological applications. Actual synthetic procedures usually... 相似文献
127.
Aryal Jeetendra Prakash Sapkota Tek Bahadur Rahut Dil Bahadur Krupnik Timothy J. Shahrin Sumona Jat M. L. Stirling Clare M. 《Environmental management》2020,66(1):105-120
Environmental Management - Rural households in South Asia’s coastal deltas face numerous livelihood challenges, including risks posed by climatic variability and extreme weather events. This... 相似文献
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