Levels and profiles of Dechlorane Plus in a major E-waste dismantling area in China

Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a high-production volume, chlorinated flame retardant comprising two major isomers, syn- and anti-DP. In this study, levels of DP were measured in soil and earthworm samples in farmland from a typical E-waste dismantling area in China. The concentrations of total DP ranged from 0.17 to 1,990 ng g^?1 dw in soil samples and 3.43 to 89.2 ng g^?1 lw in earthworm samples. Higher DP levels were found in some main E-waste dismantling sites than those in other sites. The ratios of anti-DP to total DP (f _anti) ranged from 0.57 to 0.80 in soil samples and 0.47 to 0.81 in earthworm samples, respectively. The f _anti in most samples in this study was in the range of the reported technical DP values. These results showed that improper E-waste dismantling activities could result in the emission of DP. Most earthworm samples showed very low BSAFs (biota-to-soil accumulation factors) for total DP. The values of BSAF were in the range of 0.0007–1.85, with an average value of 0.23. This study presents the first report of the DP in earthworms, which would be useful for ecological risk assessment of DP in terrestrial ecosystem.     

不同尺度纳米镍对秀丽线虫发育毒性的比较研究

应用模式生物-秀丽隐杆线虫研究金属纳米镍的生殖发育毒性。采用20nm和90nm镍分别以2.5和5.0μg·cm-2两个剂量对秀丽隐杆线虫进行染毒,并以微米镍和生理盐水作对照,采用后代数目、世代时间、形态和体长、寿命和半数致死率等生殖发育相关评价指标,对纳米镍生殖发育毒性进行评价。结果发现,与生理盐水对照组和微米镍组比较,秀丽线虫暴露于20nm和90nm镍的两个剂量组后,均表现出生殖和发育的异常(P<0.01),并有剂量依赖性。且90nm镍暴露对秀丽线虫后代数目、世代时间、形态和体长、寿命和半数致死天数等指标的缺陷作用均显著于20nm镍。研究表明,纳米镍可影响秀丽线虫的生殖和发育功能,这一效应与纳米粒径和暴露浓度有关。此结论可为制定纳米镍的接触限值标准提供参考。     

水平潜流人工湿地氮磷去除回归方程的建立

为考察水平潜流人工湿地对于生活污水中主要污染物指标TN、TP的去除率,建立更为详细的人工湿地回归方程,用以指导人工湿地设计,按照黑箱模型理论,将搜集的500多组数据按照季节、水力负荷、种植植物类型等分类,分析不同因素对于人工湿地去除效果的影响,确定了以季节和水力负荷作为建立回归方程的最主要分类依据.以此为基础,按照线性回归的方法,建立了TN、TP去除率回归方程共12组,所得的拟合优度R2值在0.65~0.95之间,精确性有了很大提高.     

Adaptation of microbial communities to multiple stressors associated with litter decomposition of Pterocarya stenoptera

To understand the further impacts of multiple stressors in freshwater, we investigated the effects of heavy metal(HM, Cu and Zn) and nutrient enrichments(nitrogen and phosphorus, NP) on microbial decomposition of Pterocarya stenoptera litter and the associated extracellular enzyme activities and microbial biomass with microcosms. Results showed that the decomposition rates were slower in the polluted stream waters than those in the unpolluted ones, which corresponded to lower microbial biomass and integrated enzyme activities of cellulose and β-glucosidase. The decomposition rates were accelerated at low HM level, which was associated with the stimulated enzyme activities of hydrolytic enzymes or was stimulated by both NP levels in polluted stream waters. In particular, the hydrolase enzyme activities of microbial communities in polluted stream waters were stimulated by low HM level, suggesting that low HM level-stimulated litter decomposition may be due to the increased enzymatic activities. When microbial communities were exposed to HM and NP simultaneously, the inhibitory effect(in unpolluted stream waters) or the stimulated effect(in polluted stream waters) of low HM concentration was enhanced and attenuated, respectively, which suggests that the NP antagonistic effect against HM toxicity on litter decomposition may contribute to the litterassociated extracellular enzyme activities. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of HM and NP may have antagonistic effects on stream ecosystem functioning.     

防污染低渗透加油机胶管研发及测试

为解决现有加油机胶管的油品污染和油品挥发渗透问题,研发了新型的防污染低渗透加油机胶管,在胶管内壁增加了由氟聚合物THV构成的防渗阻隔层。阻隔层能够有效隔离内胶层和油品,防止相互污染和渗透。经油品污染测试和防渗透性能测试,证明胶管性能良好,对提升油品质量和防止资源浪费有重要意义。     

13.5~2.5 Ma索尔库里盆地沉积物碳氧同位素对古气候演化的记录

索尔库里盆地位于青藏高原东北缘,柴达木盆地的北部,气候恶劣、交通不便,研究资料匮乏。通过对索尔库里北盆地彩虹沟剖面新近纪中后期沉积物的古地磁测年和碳酸盐碳氧同位素质谱分析,揭示了索尔库里盆地13.5~2.5 Ma长序列气候演变过程。13.5~9.2 Ma时期相对冷干,9.2~5.3 Ma时期相对温湿,5.3~3.9 Ma时期相对暖湿,3.9~2.5 Ma时期再次转为冷干。11 Ma左右,青藏高原东北缘隆升到阻止印度洋暖湿气流向北方运输的高度,地处走滑盆地的索尔库里地区逐渐变得极其干旱,标志着亚洲内陆干旱化在此背景下开始。红粘土磁化率和碳氧同位素变化等证据显示,西风在本区贯穿始终,而季风的出现加剧了亚洲内陆古气候的干湿更迭,对区域及全球古气候重建具有重要意义。     

江苏某地长江、太湖水源水及出厂水中有机物雌激素活性的比较

于2010年10月～2012年3月期间4次采集江苏WX和SZ地区长江、太湖水源水及相关自来水厂出厂水共43个水样,通过XAD-2树脂吸附、洗脱、浓缩其中的非挥发性有机物(nonvolatile organic compounds,NVOCs);应用重组酵母雌激素筛检试验(recombinant yeast estrogen screen,YES试验)检测和比较水中有机物雌激素活性水平.结果表明所有长江、太湖水源水样均具有雌激素活性,太湖水源水的雌二醇当量(EEQs)为0.04～2.07 ng.L-1,EC25-E2水样量为5.78～207.98 mL,长江水源水的雌二醇当量(EEQs)为0.69～1.15 ng.L-1,EC25-E2水样量为9.06～31.62 mL;SZ地区太湖水源水中具类雌激素内分泌干扰物的污染程度(0.69 ng.L-1)高于WX地区(0.44 ng.L-1);长江、太湖水源水经自来水厂常规净水工艺处理后,58.3%的出厂水样未检出雌激素活性,长江水源自来水厂可降低雌激素活性80.3%～100%,而太湖水源自来水厂可降低55.5%～100%.     

流域管理与区域管理矛盾研究——以丹江口水库流域为例

根据南水北调中线水源地丹江口水库流域水资源及其管理现状,辨析出其主要矛盾为流域管理与区域管理的矛盾。按行政区划为单元的分级分部门水资源管理体制、水利系统内部流域管理机构与地方水利部门管理职能的交叉、相关行政执法部门受本级政府行政领导而仅在业务上接受上级部门指导的制度,以及地方发展经济的压力,这些因素共同造成两者的矛盾。在此基础上,提出了完善该流域水资源管理的若干建议,以确保中线调水的成功和该地区的可持续发展。     

人工湿地脱氮技术研究进展

简要介绍了人工温地脱氮技术原理,主要包括水生植物的吸收、微生物的硝化／反硝化脱氮、氮的挥发、氨化作用、基质吸附和离子交换作用。并讨论了影响脱氮效率的因素,分析了国内外的技术研究现状,为进一步开展人工湿地脱氮机理的研究和优化人工湿地污水处理系统设计提供参考。     

镇雄县城大气污染现状及防治对策分析

阐述了镇雄县城区大气污染的现状,分析了大气污染原因、污染范围、主要污染物、排放形式和污染发展趋势,从而说明镇雄县大气污染防治对策的必要性.根据镇雄县地域经济层次特点,提出符合实际情况的大气污染防治对策.