Estrogenic effects of phenolic compounds on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in MCF-7 cells and uterine glutathione peroxidase in rats

In this study, we tested phenolic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-octylphenol (OP) and 4-propylphenol (PP) by using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in estrogen sensitive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female immature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. This study was designed to investigate whether phenolic compounds have estrogenic effects in these useful screening methods for endocrine disruptors. We chose 6 h as the incubation period for the G6PD assay through a preliminary experiment using 17beta-estradiol (E2). Above the concentration of 1 x 10(-8) M, BPA significantly increased the G6PD activity in a concentration-dependent manner, relative to the control. NP (over the concentration of 1 x 10(-9) M) also enhanced the G6PD activity by about 1.8 times that of the control. OP produced weaker effects on G6PD than NP, and showed a tendency to increase the G6PD activity. PP did not affect the G6PD activity. These results show that BPA and NP have the effect of enhancing G6PD activities in MCF-7 cells. In the in vivo GPx assay, both BPA and E2 significantly increased the uterus wet weights and dramatically enhanced uterine GPx activities in immature female rats in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with NP (500 mg/kg/day) increased significantly both the uterine GPx activity and the uterus wet weights in immature female rats. OP (500 mg/kg/day) also caused a significant increase in uterine GPx activity, but had no effect on the uterus wet weights. This finding indicates that the change in uterine GPx activities could be a more sensitive parameter than that of uterus wet weights in immature rats. This study implies that phenolic compounds have a weak estrogenic effects.     

中国－喜马拉雅柴胡属的花粉形态及其系统学意义

本文报道了中国－喜马拉雅柴胡属（ＢｕｐｌｅｕｒｕｍＬ．）２４种，７变种，２变型的花粉形态研究结果，全部在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下作了比较观察。有关柴胡属花粉形态的研究，除大苞柴胡（Ｂ．ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉｏｉｄｅｓＮａｋａｉ）和红柴胡（Ｂ，ｓｃｏｒｚｏｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍＷｉｌｌｄ．）外．其余均为首次报道，根据该属花粉粒的形态和萌发孔特征，其花粉形态可分为三个类型，即：近菱形角孔类型、矩形边孔类型及其二者之间的过渡类型。花粉形态资料支持德国植物系统学家德鲁特（Ｏ，Ｄｒｕｄｅ，１８９８）关于柴胡属的系统位置，将其隶于芹亚科（Ａｐｉｏｉｄｅａｅ），芹族（Ａｐｉｅａｅ），葛缕子亚族（Ｃａｒｉｎａｅ）。     

华阳发电公司综合污水的治理

介绍了华阳发电有限责任公司综合污水治理工艺，并对其处理效果和经济效益进行分析，为同类污水的处理提供了工程实例。     

ISM在香港明华船务公司的实施

介绍ISM制订的背景，其目的是要加强执行有关海上安全、海洋防污染和海员培训等国际公约。ISM的内容也作了简要说明。香港明华船务公司请中国船级社协助以实施ISM规则。该文较为详细地介绍了制订各种规章制度和文件，以及在公司和船上落实ISM的措施。经过两年努力，终于取得符合ISM的证书，但是要完全达到ISM的要求，仍有许多工作要做。     

砷在昂曲沉积物中吸附解吸的影响因素研究

水环境条件的改变会影响沉积物对砷（As）的吸附解吸行为,进而影响砷在水环境中的迁移和转化.本实验以西藏昌都昂曲表层沉积物为研究对象,通过正交试验,考察pH、转速、溶解氧（DO）、Fe/Mn含量、沉积物/水比例、温度、粒径及As含量对沉积物吸附解吸As的影响.研究结果表明：①沉积物对砷的吸附量随着初始As含量、Fe/Mn含量和pH值的升高而增大,随着颗粒物浓度的升高而减小;不同粒径的沉积物对砷的吸附主要与沉积物中的有机质含量有关,粒径为63~250 μm的沉积物有机质含量最高（3.13 g·kg^-1）,平均吸附量最大（517.28 mg·kg^-1）.②不同粒径沉积物的解吸量与其砷含量和有机质含量有关,砷含量越高,有机质含量越少,砷的解吸量越大.砷的解吸量与转速和温度呈正相关,与pH、DO和颗粒物浓度呈负相关.③Langmuir模型对吸附等温线的拟合效果好于Freundlich模型,沉积物对砷的吸附存在明显的固体浓度效应.     

Polar organic tracers in PM2.5 aerosols from an inland background area in Southwest China: Correlations between secondary organic aerosol tracers and source apportionment

PM_(2.5) aerosol samples were collected over 12 hr and 24 hr intervals in an inland background area, Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve(hereafter shortened to Gongga), during the summer of 2011. Polar organic tracers, inorganic ions and meteorological data were measured. The purpose of this work was to investigate the variation patterns, formation and sources of the secondary organic aerosol tracers in the studied atmosphere. The average concentrations of isoprene oxidation products, α-pinene oxidation products, β-caryophyllinic acid, sugars, sugar alcohols and anhydrosugars were 88.6 ± 106.1, 3.6 ± 5.7,0.13 ± 0.30, 13.6 ± 13.1, 31.9 ± 31.4 and 14.8 ± 10.7 ng/m3 respectively in all aerosol samples.The aged α-pinene second organic aerosol(SOA) tracers(i.e., 3-hydroxyglutraric acid(3 HGA), 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylglutaric acid(HDMGA), 3-acetylpentandioic acid(APDA) and 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid(MBTCA)) correlated significantly with each other in the 24 hr PM2.5 aerosol samples, indicating that OH· is the major factor controlling the formation of these α-pinene SOA tracers. Using the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and the tracer-based source apportionment method, we calculated that isoprene oxidation products, α-pinene oxidation products, sesquiterpene oxidation products, biomass burning, fungi spores and anthropogenic SOA accounted for 21.9% ± 5.5%, 8.4% ± 2.1%, 3.0% ± 0.7%, 5.2% ± 5.3%, 5.0% ± 6.2% and 31.4% ± 7.8% of organic carbon respectively during the sampling period.     

废旧光盘的热解实验研究及其回收利用

为了探索光盘的热解试验,利用TG/DTG和DSC技术对废旧光盘的热解特性和热值进行试验研究。由废弃光盘得出的曲线与PC曲线相似,说明光盘的主成分为聚碳酸酯,聚碳酸酯的着火点低、燃尽温度高、燃烧热值高。废旧光盘中含有聚碳酸酯,可以将其作为钢铁冶金或者火力发电等高能耗生产中的固体燃料。这样既减少废旧光盘造成的固体污染,也使资源得到充分利用。由实验获得废旧光盘的热分解开始温度为460℃终止温度870℃,热值达到-19 258 J/g。     

High spatial and seasonal heterogeneity of pCO2 and CO2 emissions in a karst groundwater-stream continuum,southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate quantification of the emission of CO2 from streams and rivers is one of the primary challenges in determining the global carbon budget...     

高碑店湖表层水中雌激素的分布及其光降解影响因素

雌激素等内分泌干扰物在水体中普遍存在,其在再生水中的存在以及在水体中的迁移转化会产生潜在的健康和生态风险。光降解是水体中雌激素消除的主要途径之一,水体中共存的无机离子及有机质等对雌激素的光解存在不同的影响。对高碑店湖再生水体中雌激素的污染状况进行了调查,结果显示表层水中天然雌激素雌酮(E1)和人工合成雌激素17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的浓度最高。在模拟太阳光照射条件下对E1在水溶液中的降解规律及影响因素进行了研究,发现在模拟1 SUN的光密度条件下,15 min时E1降解率可达85%(C0=5μg·L-1),而氨氮对E1的光降解存在一定的抑制作用,并且抑制作用随着氨氮的升高而变大。与纯水系统相比,高碑店湖表层水基质中E1的光降解速率较低,说明整体上氨氮、HCO-3、浊度等因素对E1光降解产生的抑制作用占主导。对雌酮及其降解产物进行了红外光谱分析,结果显示1 720 cm-1对应的C=O键特征峰在光照时间为0、10和20 min样品中的强度逐渐减弱,而2 854 cm-1和2 925 cm-1对应的脂肪碳的C-H键特征峰先增强后减弱,可能是因为E1结构中的C-C=O发生了反应生成了C=C-OH,而随着反应的继续,C=C也被进一步氧化,但降解产物的结构需要进一步研究推断。随着E1的光降解,E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性逐渐下降,氨氮虽然对E1的光降解有一定的抑制作用,但随着降解反应的进行E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性依然呈下降趋势。     

青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料的营养价值研究

为探讨青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料潜在的营养价值,本研究以抗生素制药厂发酵剩余培养基(即青霉素菌渣)为研究对象,利用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱对菌渣中的非金属元素、金属元素进行了测定,并利用氨基酸分析仪、凯氏定氮法、DNS法、索氏提取法对其基本营养物质氨基酸、粗蛋白、总糖及脂肪含量进行了简单分析。结果表明:C、N、S、H 4种非金属元素含量较高,其中,动物体有机体常量元素C含量最高,质量分数为34.52%。相对而言,金属元素含量较低,其中K、Na等常量元素含量较高,4种重金属污染物Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量与相关国家饲料安全标准对照而得,均低于下限水平。此外,以蛋白质、脂肪和总糖含量为考察指标评价了青霉素菌渣的营养特性,并进一步分析了更有利于动物吸收利用的小分子氨基酸含量。结果表明:青霉素菌渣具有较高的潜在营养特性,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总糖含量均较高,分别为568.767、82.919、320.51 mg/g,同时各种为生命体生长所需的氨基酸含量较丰富,其中苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸含量最高。