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311.
Guocheng Hu Zhencheng Xu Jiayin Dai Bixian Mai Hong Cao Jianshe Wang Zhimin Shi Muqi Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(12):1833-1839
Nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river (Fuhe River) in North China were
analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE). The concentrations of PBDEs and
DBDPE in sediments ranged from 5.5 to 300.7 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 1.1 to 68.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Their levels in sediments in
Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. Compared to data from other regions, the PBDE levels in surface
sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River were in the medium to lower range. Among the PBDE congeners, BDE209 was
predominant, with contributions to the total PBDEs ranging from 79.4% to 97.3% in sediment samples. For the lowly brominated
congeners (tri- to hepta-BDE), BDE47 and BDE99 were the most abundant, which contributed 52.1% and 44.1% to the sum of
tri- to hepta-BDEs in the sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River, respectively. The compositional patterns of PBDEs in
Baiyangdian Lake sediments indicated that technical deca-BDE mixture was the major pollutant sources with a minor contribution
of penta-BDE mixture. The present study suggested that the importance of Fuhe River as a possibly potential sources of PBDEs
contamination in Baiyangdian Lake. 相似文献
312.
313.
将贝叶斯公式与地下水二维水质对流-扩散方程相耦合,建立依靠监测井监测值的地下水污染源参数(污染源强度M、排放位置(X0,Y0)和排放时刻T0)反演模型.针对监测井监测值信息量不充分或者监测值与模型参数关联性较弱的问题,提出了一种基于贝叶斯公式与信息熵的监测井优化设计方法.构建一个污染物在承压含水层中瞬时排放的算例,在确定单井监测及监测次数条件下,以监测井位置D及监测频率 Dt的优化为目标,分别进行模型参数后验分布信息熵最小的单目标监测方案优化,以及信息熵最小且监测耗时最短的多目标监测方案优化.依据优化后的监测方案采用延迟拒绝自适应Metropolis算法进行污染源参数反演识别.算例研究表明:在预设定单井监测,且监测次数为5次条件下,单目标优化后的监测方案为D=(830.2,199.8),△t=2.7,在此监测方案下,4个污染源参数M,X0,Y0,T0的反演均值误差分别为19.5%、13.2%、3.4%、1.3%;多目标优化后的监测方案为D=(807.9,199.4),△t=1.2,在此监测方案下,4个污染源参数M,X0,Y0,T0的反演均值误差分别为19.9%、13.4%、3.7%、4.2%.与基于单目标优化的监测方案的反演结果相比,基于多目标优化的监测方案条件下,污染源参数的反演均值误差虽分别增加了0.4%、0.2%、0.3%、2.9%,但监测时间却显著缩短了55.6%. 相似文献
314.
针对非均质地下含水层污染源识别及含水层参数反演过程中监测方案优化问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯公式及信息熵最小的累进加井的多井监测方案优化方法.首先,构建假想案例下的二维非均质各向同性潜水含水层水流及溶质运移模型,运用GMS软件进行数值模拟求解.采用最优拉丁超立方抽样方法和Kriging法建立数值模拟模型的替代模型.然后以参数后验分布的信息熵最小为目标函数,采用累进加井的方式进行多井监测方案优化设计.最后根据优化后的监测方案,采用差分进化自适应Metropolis算法进行污染源及含水层参数的同步反演.算例研究表明:在兼顾反演精度及监测成本,并保证每个参数分区内至少有1眼监测井的条件下,5眼井组合监测方案(6,5,1,2,8)为最优监测方案.与信息熵最小的10眼井组合监测方案(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)的参数反演结果相比,5眼井组合监测方案对11个参数α=(XS,YS,T1,T2,Qs,K1,K2,K3,DL1,DL2,DL3)的后验均值偏离率的平均值虽增大1.2%,但监测成本却是10眼井组合监测方案的50%. 相似文献
315.
Feng Chen Shihao Guo Yihao Wang Lulu Ma Bing Li Zhimin Song Lei Huang Wen Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(5):57
316.
Long-term stability and risk assessment of copper and cadmium in a smelter-impacted soil treated by four amendments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lei Xu Hongbiao Cui Xiangyu Xing Zhimin Du Jiani Liang Xuebo Zheng 《Chemistry and Ecology》2018,34(9):871-883
In an effort to address public concerns of the long-term stability and ecological risk reduction of Cu and Cd in a farmland located at the Guixi, Jiangxi Province, China, containing ~ 800?mg?kg?1 Cu and 0.8?mg?kg?1 Cd soil, were treated in situ by attapulgite, apatite, montmorillonite and lime at the rate: 10, 10, 10 and 4?g?kg?1 soil, respectively. Field experiment consisted of 2?×?3-m plots arranged in a randomised complete block design with each treatment. Soil and plant samples were collected in sixth years post-treatments and analysed for Cu and Cd bioaccessibility, chemical fraction and Cu, Cd concentration in plant tissue. The results indicated that the apatite and lime treatments significantly reduced bioaccessible and exchangeable fractions Cu and Cd in the soil at sixth years post the treatments. Cu and Cd concentration in plant tissue was positively related to the bioaccessibility of Cu and Cd. The treatment used 10?g apatite kg?1 soil appeared to be most effective for overall risk reduction. The Cu and Cd stabilisation and risk reduction by the apatite treatments were accomplished by the induced transformation of labile Cu and Cu species to relatively insoluble forms. This study illustrated that in situ Cu and Cd stabilisation by apatite would be long-term and ecologically safe, which could safeguard human health and ecosystem from Cu and Cd contamination in mining areas. 相似文献
318.
采用氧化还原介质强化酶电解池(EEC)还原脱氯性能,结果发现,蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸盐(AQDS)、吩嗪-1-甲酰胺(PCN)、氰钴胺(CNB12)和核黄素(RF)均可明显提高EEC系统还原脱氯性能,二氯甲烷(DCM)脱氯率从57%分别提升至81%、72%、86%、84%.考虑到经济成本,选择AQDS作为氧化还原介质进行强化EEC系统还原脱氯性能.在EEC阴极中,AQDS被还原成AH2QDS,可直接与DCM发生氧化还原反应,但不能作为脱卤酶辅酶提高DCM脱氯率.还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)是脱卤酶的天然辅酶,AQDS加速GSH消耗,且抑制GSH再生.此外,AQDS提升了EEC系统的库仑效率,这意味着更多电子参与了AH2QDS生成.因此,可以推测AQDS是通过直接还原作用强化EEC系统脱氯性能.AQDS-EEC系统的最佳pH值、温度、外加电压分别为7、35℃、-1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl. 相似文献