浅析紧急救援的综合性

2006年初,国务院发布了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》。其目的是要提高政府保障公共安全和处置突发公共事件的能力,最大程度地预防和减少突发公共事件及其造成的损害,保障公众的生命财产安全,维护国家安全和社会稳定,促进经济社会全面、协调、可     

常温袋除尘在电石炉除尘工程的研究与应用

新华结晶硅有限公司2×10 000kVA电石炉除尘项目是一项污染治理项目,该项目结合内蒙古当地的气象条件,利用较少的投资,解决了困扰多年的电石炉烟尘污染问题,同时回收的粉尘又有较高的利用价值,取得了较好的经济效益.     

报废汽车拆解工艺的比对与研究

报废汽车具有良好的资源属性,处理企业选取合理的处理工艺对其进行处置,不仅能够提高经济效益,也可以有效保护生态环境.通过对当前报废汽车处理工艺技术进行分析比对,针对不同拆解企业提出相应的工艺选取建议,为产业发展提供帮助.     

跨区域流域生态补偿标准核算——基于成本收益双视角

合理的补偿标准是流域生态补偿的核心,也是激励生态系统服务提供者积极性、体现生态系统服务改善价值、实现区域协同发展的关键内容.基于成本收益双视角,以渭河流域为例,运用全成本法和选择实验法测算了流域生态系统服务保护的成本收益,进一步借助鲁宾斯坦议价模型核算跨区域生态补偿标准.结果表明:(1)为改善流域生态环境,上游甘肃省的直接治理成本约为35021.27万元/a,间接成本约为107112.26万元/a,全成本约为142133.53万元/a;(2)流域生态系统服务改善能够为中下游陕西省带来的收益为252912.96万元;(3)在流域生态系统服务保护成本收益明确的前提下,若上游地区在协商中具有完全耐心或中下游地区完全没有耐心,则上游获得全部净收益,补偿标准为252912.96万元/a;若上游地区完全没有耐心,且当中下游耐心程度(贴现因子)为0.5时,则双方将均分净收益,即补偿标准为197523.25万元/a.总的来看,研究对流域生态系统服务保护的成本收益分析及跨区域生态补偿标准核算提供了可行思路,实际应用中可根据具体情况合理设定议价双方贴现因子进行灵活处理.     

地铁多线换乘车站火灾模型实验研究—(1)模型装置设计

为研究地铁网络化运营枢纽车站火灾烟气扩散特征和防排烟技术,根据工程资料和标准规范对典型多线换乘车站进行1∶10火灾实验模型设计,并依据设计方案完成车站模型主体结构和通风排烟系统的搭建,同时在各个防烟分区设计安装温度、流速、烟气浓度和热辐射测量装置,可实现对“T”形、“十”形和“L”形换乘等不同换乘形式车站的火灾场景模拟和危险参数测量。研究结果表明:该模型装置能够开展一系列针对不同换乘形式和通风模式的火灾实验,对于全面揭示大型换乘车站火灾烟气运动规律、验证并优化火灾防排烟设计方法、支撑复杂结构枢纽车站火灾烟气控制技术具有重要意义。     

公路项目施工期环评要点分析

本文首先介绍公路项目施工期环评的现实意义,之后阐述公路项目施工期环评要点,以此强化公路项目施工期环评水平及其环保效益。     

自愿减排项目碳泄漏：内涵、类别及应对

自愿减排项目是碳排放交易市场抵消机制的运行载体,灵活的自愿减排抵消机制是碳排放交易市场的补充,对应对全球气候变化问题具有重要意义。碳泄漏,作为严重影响抵消项目减排效率的热点问题值得关注。目前,中国已形成较大规模的自愿减排市场,截至2018年底,国家发展改革委共签发了约7200万tCO_2当量减排量,我国在建立健全自愿减排抵消市场机制的过程中,需要把握项目碳泄漏的负外部性这一实质,厘清其运行机理并积极应对。本文旨在系统阐述该问题,并为进一步实现抵消项目减排潜力提供思路和方向:从自愿减排项目碳泄漏的内涵与定义出发,首先对项目碳泄漏的分类进行梳理,并依据产生途径的不同重点分析了活动转移排放、生命周期、市场路径、生态以及技术泄漏的作用机制、影响因素及其相应的研究方法;其次从具体项目应用、系统项目应用和宏观应用三个层面讨论了应对自愿减排项目碳泄漏问题的管理对策;最后结合我国自愿减排抵消市场的实际情况,建议未来抵消项目碳泄漏的应对和管理应在分门别类对其概念进行精准定义的基础上将解决措施的成本效益考虑在内,此外,在评估泄漏量时需要同时测算不同类型的碳泄漏,探究其协同效应以免高估其泄漏程度。     

Sulfur cycle as an electron mediator between carbon and nitrate in a constructed wetland microcosm

• Fe(III) accepted the most electrons from organics, followed by NO₃^‒, SO₄^2‒, and O₂. • The electrons accepted by SO₄^2‒ could be stored in the solid AVS, FeS₂-S, and S⁰. • The autotrophic denitrification driven by solid S had two-phase characteristics. • A conceptual model involving electron acceptance, storage, and donation was built. • S cycle transferred electrons between organics and NO₃^‒ with an efficiency of 15%. A constructed wetland microcosm was employed to investigate the sulfur cycle-mediated electron transfer between carbon and nitrate. Sulfate accepted electrons from organics at the average rate of 0.84 mol/(m³·d) through sulfate reduction, which accounted for 20.0% of the electron input rate. The remainder of the electrons derived from organics were accepted by dissolved oxygen (2.6%), nitrate (26.8%), and iron(III) (39.9%). The sulfide produced from sulfate reduction was transformed into acid-volatile sulfide, pyrite, and elemental sulfur, which were deposited in the substratum, storing electrons in the microcosm at the average rate of 0.52 mol/(m³·d). In the presence of nitrate, the acid-volatile and elemental sulfur were oxidized to sulfate, donating electrons at the average rate of 0.14 mol/(m³·d) and driving autotrophic denitrification at the average rate of 0.30 g N/(m³·d). The overall electron transfer efficiency of the sulfur cycle for autotrophic denitrification was 15.3%. A mass balance assessment indicated that approximately 50% of the input sulfur was discharged from the microcosm, and the remainder was removed through deposition (49%) and plant uptake (1%). Dominant sulfate-reducing (i.e., Desulfovirga, Desulforhopalus, Desulfatitalea, and Desulfatirhabdium) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (i.e., Thiohalobacter, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, and Sulfurisoma), which jointly fulfilled a sustainable sulfur cycle, were identified. These results improved understanding of electron transfers among carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles in constructed wetlands, and are of engineering significance.     

Effects of rainfall on surface environment and morphological characteristics in the Loess Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Slope failure is a one of major process that causes severe landform variation and environment variation, and slope failure has become a major hidden...