酸雨对广西典型碳酸盐岩地区碳源效应研究

选取广西两个典型碳酸盐岩地区桂林(代表灰岩地区)与柳州(代表白云岩地区)作为研究区域,研究酸雨与岩石表面反应,并计算出由酸雨对碳酸盐岩的化学风化过程中形成CO2成为碳源的量。利用溶蚀试片溶蚀速率以及GIS技术得到研究区由酸雨产生的CO2源为41.066×108 g/a,其中桂林市区速率为33.349×108 g/a,柳州市区速率为7.717×108 g/a。单位面积源桂林与柳州分别为66.967×105 g/a.km2和42.777×105 g/a.km2,虽然低于两地的单位面积汇分别为273.891×105 g/a.km2与43.660×105 g/a.km2,但已不容忽略。柳州市区CO2源的释放速率比桂林市区慢的原因主要有二:桂林市区碳酸盐岩的代表面积为柳州市区2.77倍;由于柳州酸雨总体强度比桂林低,导致碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率较低。     

油田油泥(砂)废弃物排放状况及处理技术

中国油田及石油化工行业每年油泥(砂)的排放量达到80多万吨,已严重制约油田的可持续发展。油泥(砂)中石油含量达10%～30%,还含有多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,可对生态环境和人体健康造成危害。国内外已广泛开展了油泥(砂)处理技术的研究。油泥(砂)处理技术包括资源回收技术、无害化处理技术和综合利用技术。本文简述了水洗处理技术、生物处理技术和热解气化焚烧工艺,并对不同处理技术的优缺点进行了比较。应结合中国国情及成本等方面综合考虑选用不同的处理方法,实现油泥的减量化、无害化、资源化、清洁化处理。     

湿地保护与可持续利用的国际经验借鉴

随着生产力水平的提高以及城市化进程的加剧,我国湿地资源被大力开发利用,逐渐面临面积减少、功能衰退和湿地生态系统受损的困境.本文通过借鉴世界发达国家或地区保护和可持续利用不同类型湿地的成功经验,为国内湿地的保护和利用提出建议:制定湿地保护规划,划分湿地功能区;保护湿地生物资源;实施湿地生态恢复与重建工程;探索可持续利用湿地资源的新思路;适当开发利用泥炭资源;加强湿地资源保护与利用的科学研究;强化湿地知识的宣传、教育与公众参与意识.     

亚临界水解预处理稻草秸秆制备活性炭及表征

通过以稻草秸秆的亚临界预处理中产生的残渣作为实验材料,以氯化锌作为活化剂制备具有吸附性能的活性炭,研究了活化温度,活化时间,浸渍时间以及浸渍比等4个因素对生成活性炭的性能影响,设计正交实验制备活性炭.以低温液氮吸附测定活性炭的比表面积和孔容、孔径分布,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测活性炭表面形貌,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为吸附质,研究了活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明,活化温度900℃,活化时间60 min,浸渍比1∶5,浸渍时间12 h,当氯化锌质量分数为20%时,制得相应活性炭的碘值为1 122.79 mg.g-1,亚甲基蓝吸附值为136.50 mg.g-1.亚甲基蓝在活性炭上的吸附基本符合Langmuir方程,且准二级动力学模型能很好地描述活性炭对亚甲蓝的吸附过程;热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能(ΔG0)<0,而焓变(ΔH0)>0,说明吸附为吸热的自发反应过程,升温有利于吸附.     

光催化体系中噻虫胺降解动力学及机制

利用光催化技术探讨了烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺在水体环境中降解的可行性,不同催化剂浓度、反应温度、底物浓度、溶液初始p H值和不同阴阳离子等因素对其光催化降解动力学的影响,及其初步的光催化降解机制.结果表明噻虫胺的光催化降解符合L-H动力模型,其降解假一级动力学速率常数为0.050 6 min-1.当催化剂用量(TiO_2)为3.0 g·L~(-1)时,噻虫胺的光催化降解速率最大;高温和较低的底物浓度有利于噻虫胺的光催化降解;溶液的初始p H值为5时噻虫胺的降解速率最大,强酸和强碱均不利于其光催化降解.而无机阴、阳离子对噻虫胺降解均有明显的抑制作用.最后,通过GC/MS对噻虫胺光催化降解中间产物进行了初步鉴定,研究发现在活性氧物种的作用下噻虫胺降解途径主要有母体化合物的羟基化,硝基胍基团中N—N的断裂,以及连接硝基胍和噻唑环的C—N键的裂解等.     

Residents' Willingness to Pay for Improving Air Quality in Jinan,China

Abstract

Along with the progress of urbanization and environmental deterioration, residents' desire for improved air quality is increasing. In order to quantify an individual's willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved air quality in Jinan of eastern China, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed. A sample of 1,500 residents was chosen on the basis of multistage sampling methods with face-to-face interviews by using a series of hypothetical, open-ended scenario questions which were designed to elicit the respondents' WTP. Results showed that 59.7% of respondents were able to express their WTP and the mean WTP is 100 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per person per year. A probit model on the probability of a positive WTP and a regression model were developed to find the relationship between endogenous variables and WTP. Most parameters in the econometric analysis had the expected sign. Annual household income and expenditure on treating respiratory diseases significantly influence WTP. The rates of positive WTP and the monetary amount are larger for men than for women. Results also showed that people who lived in more polluted areas were willing to pay more for clean air. Unlike developed countries, clean air may only be considered as a public good in China in that more than 40% of respondents had no incentive to bear the costs of attempting to achieve better air quality, which indicates the relatively low environmental consciousness.     

巨大芽孢杆菌对土壤理化性质及植物富集镉锌的影响

不同生物之间存在复杂相互作用,构建多元生物协同修复有利于提高修复效果.微生物群落繁殖快,适应性强以及抗逆性等优势在土壤重金属污染治理中发挥着重要作用.以巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）为供试菌株,以包心芥菜［Brassica juncea（L.） Czerniak.］为供试植物,探究二者联合作用下修复Cd和Zn污染土壤的可行性.首先开展60 d室内培养试验,明确巨大芽孢杆菌活化土壤Cd和Zn含量的潜力及改善土壤质量的可行性;进而通过盆栽试验探究巨大芽孢杆菌对包心芥菜富集重金属的影响.结果表明室内培养条件下,巨大芽孢杆菌能够显著降低土壤pH值,土壤有效态Cd和Zn含量显著增加,与对照相比,增幅分别为24%~47%和11%~13%;同时土壤磷酸酶（ALP）、蔗糖酶（SU）和脲酶（UR）活性明显改善.盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,接菌处理显著提高了包心芥菜生物量,增幅为10%~23%.同时植物富集Cd和Zn含量升高：植物地上和地下部分Cd富集浓度分别为对照组的1.61~1.70倍和1.05~1.15倍;不同部位对Zn的富集浓度分别为对照的1.38~1.61倍和1.47~1.53倍.相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH值是引起土壤重金属有效态活性和酶活性改变的关键因素.接菌处理下,植物过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性对增强植物抗逆性更为显著.试验结果初步证实了巨大芽孢杆菌-包心芥菜联合修复Cd和Zn污染土壤的可行性.     

Relationship between herbaceous community distribution and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the Baiyangdian River Basin北大核心CSCD

Riparian zone vegetation is an important part of the riparian ecosystem and plays an important role in the riparian zone functioning. Herbs, which are one of the main types of riparian vegetation, are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and human activities and have become a hot spot of riparian vegetation research. In this study, the herbaceous communities of four representative rivers (Xiaoyi, Baohe, Fuhe, and Baigouyin River) entering Baiyangdian Lake in China were researched. The herbaceous species in their riparian zones were systematically investigated using the sample plot method. The Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Pielou evenness (J), and Patrick richness (R) indices were estimated to examine the species composition and diversity of the herb communities, following which redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted. The relationship between species diversity, distribution patterns of herbaceous plant communities, and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the four rivers is discussed. (1) Eighty-three species of herbaceous plants belonging to 66 genera and 27 families in the riparian zone entering Baiyangdian Lake. Most herbaceous plants, including Poaceae, Compositae, and Chenopodiaceae, were weeds or associated plants. Riparian vegetation was greatly affected by human disturbance. (2) All the three estimated indices of the Xiaoyi, Baigouyin, and Fuhe rivers were better than those of the Baohe River. (3) The vegetation coverage and species diversity of riparian herbaceous communities were positively correlated with soil organic matter and water content but negatively correlated with pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Therefore, these communities are conducive to the restoration of vegetation and the stability of biodiversity in the riparian core area to reduce the disturbance of human activities and increase humidity. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机污染物复合毒性与多环芳烃毒性贡献

本研究利用发光细菌急性毒性实验测定了长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机污染物的复合毒性,同时运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定了沉积物中16种美国环境保护局(United States Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA)规定的优先控制的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)的浓度。在此基础上,分析其时空分布特征及多环芳烃毒性贡献,并评估其环境风险。结果表明,2019年长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中16种PAHs总浓度范围为32.84～283.47 ng·g^(-1);2020年浓度范围为66.93～132.64 ng·g(-1);2020年浓度范围为66.93～132.64 ng·g^(-1)。在空间分布上,2019年长江口表层沉积物中PAHs在靠近渔港的区域呈现较高浓度(S3=(283.47±29.94) ng·g(-1)。在空间分布上,2019年长江口表层沉积物中PAHs在靠近渔港的区域呈现较高浓度(S3=(283.47±29.94) ng·g^(-1)),而2020年在靠近舟山岛的区域呈现较高浓度(L6=(132.64±9.95) ng·g(-1)),而2020年在靠近舟山岛的区域呈现较高浓度(L6=(132.64±9.95) ng·g^(-1))。与2019年相比,2020年多环芳烃的平均浓度有所降低,且其细胞毒性量化指标——生物分析当量浓度(BEQ_(bio))的平均值(66.62 mg·kg(-1))。与2019年相比,2020年多环芳烃的平均浓度有所降低,且其细胞毒性量化指标——生物分析当量浓度(BEQ_(bio))的平均值(66.62 mg·kg^(-1))远低于2019年(128.20 mg·kg(-1))远低于2019年(128.20 mg·kg^(-1))。在长江口沉积物毒性当量浓度中PAHs所占比例较小,2019年和2020年由PAHs引起的细胞毒性的平均占比分别为4.46%和4.25%。该结果表明,检测到的PAHs仅能解释所观察到的复合毒性效应的一小部分,因此,还需要进一步对其他未检测的化学物质进行测试分析。     

Simultaneous biodegradation of dimethyl sulfide and 1-propanethiol by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1: “Lag” cause,reduction, and kinetics exploration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simultaneous biodegradation of malodorous 1-propanethiol (PT) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1 was...