Environmental geochemical characteristics of rare-earth elements in surface waters in the Huainan coal mining area,Anhui Province,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study investigated the environmental geochemical characteristics of rare-earth elements (REEs) in surface waters in the Huainan mining area, Anhui...     

Simultaneous measurements of arsenic and sulfide using diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT)

Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) is a dynamically passive sampling technique which has been applied increasingly to the environmental monitoring field. In the preliminary period, the DGT with zirconium hydroxide-silver iodide as the binding phase (ZrO-AgI DGT) has been developed for the determination of sulfide (S(II)). On this basis, this paper developed its determination method for inorganic arsenite (As(III)) to further realize the simultaneous and high-resolution measurements of labile inorganic As and S(II) in sediments. ZrO-AgI binding gel had a strong ability in adsorbing and fixing As(III), showing a linear increase in the initial 12.5 min. After saturation of S(II) on ZrO-AgI binding gel, the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of As(III) reduced by 8 and 14%, respectively. A stable elution rate (89.1 ± 2.2%) was obtained by extraction of As(III) on the binding gel using a mixture solution of 1.0 M NaOH and 1.0 M H₂O₂ (1:1). The DGT capacity of As(III) determined by the ZrO-AgI DGT was 23.6 μg cm^?2. DGT uptakes of As(III) were independent of pH (4.0–9.0) and ionic strength (0.01–100 mM), and they did not interfere with each other during the uptake process. Simultaneous measurements of labile As and S(II) in four sediment cores of Taihu Lake (China) with ZrO-AgI DGT showed that they had similarly vertical distributions in the top 16-mm layer in one core and in the whole profile up to the 35 mm depth in two cores. It likely reflected a simultaneous release of As and S(II) in sediments by synchronous reduction of As-hosted oxidized iron and sulfate, respectively. The simultaneous decreases of labile As and S(II) from their co-precipitation (e.g., As₂S₃) were not obvious in deeper sediment layer through the measurement with ZrO-AgI DGT.     

Measuring the impact of the pet trade on Indonesian birds

The trade in wild animals involves one‐third of the world's bird species and thousands of other vertebrate species. Although a few species are imperiled as a result of the wildlife trade, the lack of field studies makes it difficult to gauge how serious a threat it is to biodiversity. We used data on changes in bird abundances across space and time and information from trapper interviews to evaluate the effects of trapping wild birds for the pet trade in Sumatra, Indonesia. To analyze changes in bird abundance over time, we used data gathered over 14 years of repeated bird surveys in a 900‐ha forest in southern Sumatra. In northern Sumatra, we surveyed birds along a gradient of trapping accessibility, from the edge of roads to 5 km into the forest interior. We interviewed 49 bird trappers in northern Sumatra to learn which species they targeted and how far they went into the forest to trap. We used prices from Sumatran bird markets as a proxy for demand and, therefore, trapping pressure. Market price was a significant predictor of species declines over time in southern Sumatra (e.g., given a market price increase of approximately $50, the log change in abundance per year decreased by 0.06 on average). This result indicates a link between the market‐based pet trade and community‐wide species declines. In northern Sumatra, price and change in abundance were not related to remoteness (distance from the nearest road). However, based on our field surveys, high‐value species were rare or absent across this region. The median maximum distance trappers went into the forest each day was 5.0 km. This suggests that trapping has depleted bird populations across our remoteness gradient. We found that less than half of Sumatra's remaining forests are >5 km from a major road. Our results suggest that trapping for the pet trade threatens birds in Sumatra. Given the popularity of pet birds across Southeast Asia, additional studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and magnitude of the threat posed by the pet trade.     

水处理中膜分离技术种类及特性研究

随着时代进步,科技发展,中国的环境问题尤其是水污染日益严重,而饮用水质量紧密关系着人们的健康,所以保证饮用水的水质安全,是给水厂重要的使命与责任.膜分离技术由于兼有分离、浓缩、纯化和精制的功能,又有高效、节能、环保、分子级过滤及过滤过程简单、易于控制等特征具有自身独特的优势.给水厂的常规处理工艺已然不能满足水质的要求,深度处理虽能大大提高水质,但是国内逐渐发展起来的超滤技术在去除水中致病微生物方面效果显著.简要介绍膜分离技术的种类及在给水处理中的应用.     

秦皇岛“国际旅游名城”建设中高素质涉外旅游人才的培养策略

建设"国际旅游名城"不可或缺的人力资源之一是高素质的涉外旅游人才。从秦皇岛"旅游立市"及创建"国际旅游名城"的大背景出发,分析秦皇岛面临的国际旅游发展机遇,阐述涉外旅游人才的种类和含义,并针对所需人才特点提出了培养思路和策略。     

小麦生长周期中土壤Cu的迁移转化实验研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤Cu添加浓度下,在小麦生长不同时期,小麦根区土壤与非根区土壤中总量Cu和有效态Cu的浓度,以此揭示其迁移转化特征。研究发现:小麦生长可以对土壤中的Cu进行吸收,拔节期小麦吸收能力最强;Cu添加有利于小麦对土壤中Cu的吸收,在试验水平下,添加浓度越高促进作用越明显,在200 mg/kg Cu添加浓度下,成熟期土壤中Cu含量较幼苗期减少了79%;小麦生长使土壤中有效态Cu占总量Cu的比重增加,并且使非根区土壤中Cu向根区土壤迁移。     

套箍法加固RC偏压柱承载力计算方法研究

为研究套箍法加固RC偏压柱的承载力实用计算方法,利用29根加固柱的试验资料,对《混凝土结构加固设计规范》GB 50367—2013和GB 50367—2006的承载力计算方法进行了研究,将试件承载力计算值与实测值进行对比发现,两部规范的承载力计算结果比较接近,计算结果的整体准确性都不够好、偏于不安全,尤其对大偏压柱的承载力计算较为不安全。根据加固柱的受力破坏特性,定义了3种破坏极限状态,基于3种极限状态下的截面应变分布分析,建立了加固柱的承载力计算公式,验证表明,该公式的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,且偏于安全。     

超临界水气化处理对脱水污泥中重金属环境风险的影响

为探究超临界水气化前后脱水污泥中重金属的变化及生态风险,从重金属(Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr)的含量、化学形态分布及浸出毒性等多方面出发,利用地层累积指数(Igeo)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)和风险评估指数法(RAC)对江苏地区10种不同种脱水污泥超临界水气化前后重金属的环境生态风险进行综合评价.结果表明:不同污水厂脱水污泥经超临界水气化处理后,绝大部分污泥中重金属浸出毒性和生物可利用组分重金属含量明显降低,即处理后重金属的直接环境风险大大降低.不同重金属含量的脱水污泥经超临界水气化处理后,重金属环境污染程度及潜在生态风险程度显著降低,环境风险值被降至相对安全水平,对环境表现出低风险或无风险.p H值在一定程度上影响处理后污泥中重金属的环境风险.超临界处理时,污泥的p H呈现酸性时会引起反应釜腐蚀,从而导致固相残渣中Ni、Cr的生物可利用组分含量增加,当p H呈现碱性时则更利于重金属以稳定形态富集到固相产物中.     

CMAQ模式及其修正技术在上海市PM_(2.5)预报中的应用检验

利用CMAQ空气质量数值预报模式对上海市PM2.5浓度进行预报,选取10个囯控站点监测数据对预报进行验证评估.结果表明,CMAQ模式开展能够较好地模拟出PM2.5的时间变化趋势及浓度水平,但总体处于低估的水平,偏低幅度约25%,尤其在高污染阶段,模式的低估更为突出,达32%,这与污染源清单的不确定性有关.为提高PM2.5预报准确度,采用学习型线性回归方法对PM2.5浓度的数值预报结果进行修正,统计检验结果显示修正预报准确率由原来的76.4%提高到了79.3%,污染预报成功指数由56.4%提高至72.1%,明显提高了PM2.5浓度的预报效果,反映了引入实际监测数据对空气质量数值预报模式进行修正的研究意义和可行性.     

上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。