固定化铜绿假单胞菌生物降解对硝基苯酚

用海藻酸钠作载体,将一株能以对硝基苯酚(PNP)为唯一碳源和氮源的铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）进行固定化包埋,利用正交试验确定该菌株固定化细胞制备的最优条件,探讨固定化细胞技术对PNP的生物降解效果及其影响因素。结果表明,该菌株的固定化细胞对PNP的生物降解速度大于游离细胞;固定化细胞对PNP的耐受浓度比游离细胞高;固定化细胞生物降解PNP的最适pH为8.0～9.0,最适温度为30～35 ℃。该固定化细胞在PNP浓度为50 mg/L的无机盐溶液中培养42 h,可使PNP降解率接近100%,其生物降解的时间动力学曲线分为0～35 h和35～42 h两段,其中0～35 h为生长延滞期,35～42 h随着菌株生长的开始,PNP迅速被生物降解,约7 h生物降解完全结束。该菌株的固定化细胞可连续使用3次,生物降解效果稳定。     

Microfiber pollution: an ongoing major environmental issue related to the sustainable development of textile and clothing industry

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Textiles release microfibers to the environment during production, use, and at end-of-life disposal. There is a potentially large and growing risk to...     

Analysis of metabolic changes in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 at different fermentation time-points by LC-QQQ-MS

Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely recognized biocontrol fungi used to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. These functions are related to primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigated the different metabolites in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 cultured for 24 and 72?h using liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compared to the 24?h culture of T. asperellum TJ01, the 72?h culture with amino acid metabolism tended to decrease while sugar and lipid metabolisms tended to increase. Furthermore, the 72?h culture had a higher proportion of upregulated flavonoids, in combination with a higher proportion of downregulated alkaloids, and equal proportions of upregulated and downregulated polyphenols and hormones. This study also identified a few valuable medicinal substances such as trigonelline and 5-hydroxytryptophan in T. asperellum TJ01 fermentation cultures.     

Dissipation,residues, and risk assessment of imidacloprid in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato under field conditions using LC-MS/MS

A shortened version of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) for determining the dissipation and residue of imidacloprid present in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato was established by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the two crops ranged from 82.12 to 113.79%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <7.32%. The dissipation dynamics of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia plants and purple sweet potato plants followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.2–5.5?days in each of sampling locations. The terminal imidacloprid residues in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato at each of location were <0.005–0.120?mg kg^?1. According to the risk assessment results, both the acute dietary risk quotient and chronic dietary risk quotient values were <1, indicating that imidacloprid is unlikely to pose health risks to humans with normal recommended use. The present study may serve as a valuable reference for the safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato fields.     

静电除尘电源的发展

静电除尘电源是静电除尘系统中的关键部分,其性能直接影响除尘器的除尘效果,以静电除尘电源在节能和提高除尘效率上的关键因素为基础,对静电除尘电源的发展进行分析研究。具体阐述了静电除尘电源经历了由单相供电向三相供电、工频调压向高频逆变以及单一供电模式向混合供电模式3条较为明显的发展脉络,指出高频静电除尘电源具有控制方式灵活、输出高电压波形可控、闪络后关闭速度快和重启迅速等优点,是当今静电除尘电源的主要研究发展方向。     

中空纤维微滤膜污染及阻力分析

选用0．1μm的PVDF中空纤维内压式微滤膜组件，在死端微滤工况下，研究了酵母（平均粒径5．3μm）和高岭土（平均粒径0．7μm）体系在浓度和压力变化时的污染机理及过滤阻力、膜渗透通量的变化规律性。通过恒压堵塞定律积分式的具体形式与实验数据的拟合及根据堵塞过滤定律计算的结果都表明：死端微滤时，酵母体系和高岭土体系均符合滤饼过滤机理。     

Biomarker responses and reproductive toxicity of the effluent from a Chinese large sewage treatment plant in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

The present study was conducted to assess the potential toxicity of the effluent from a large sewage treatment plant (GBD-STP) in Beijing. Japanese medakas (Oryzias latipes) at reproduction active period were exposed to a serial of graded concentrations of the effluent or 100 ng l-1 of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2, positive control). Growth, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), reproductive success, induction potency of vitellogenin (VTG) in male fish and that of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity (EROD) in male fish liver were used as test endpoints. The growth suppression of fish was observed in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in significant differences in both body length and body weight of medaka above 5% effluent. This effluent can inhibit the growth of gonad of medakas and are more sensitive to male than to female. At exposure concentration of 40% and higher, there was an unexpected decrease of HSI values, which may be resulted from sub-lethal toxicity of effluent to fish liver. VTG of plasma in males were induced in all exposure concentration levels, but not in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of 5% effluent would be the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) affecting reproductive success when examining fertile individuals, fecundity and fertilization rate. The overt CYP1A response and higher reproductive toxicity may be indicative of low process efficiency of this STP.     

城市大气质量模式研究进展

本文通过对大气质量模式发展历史的回顾,及其发展趋势的讨论,认为城市大气质量预报模式的建立与发展主要受以下三个动态因素的支配：（１）政府环境管理目标;（２）科学进步;（３）计算机及信息处理和通讯技术。结合三要素就建立我国城市空气质量预报系统框架进行了讨论。