合肥市水环境承载力评估

从经济、人口、资源和技术管理等角度分析了影响水环境承载力的因素,结合研究区的特点确定了评价的指标体系.采用向量模法对合肥市2000年-2007年的水环境承载力进行评估.结果表明:合肥市的水环境承载力水平较低,但总体呈逐年上升趋势,评价值由2000年的0.027增加到2007年的0.077.在主要的水资源支持因素中,经济发展和技术管理因素对水环境的贡献增长速度最快,而自然资源因素则是主要的不稳定因素.为了协调经济发展和环境保护,提高水环境承载力,开源节流,提高水资源量是维持水环境承载力的重要途径之一.     

Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella sp. USTB-01 with a fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor

A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water, which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting, was identified as Chlorella sp. USTB-01 with the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences. In the heterotrophic batch culture, more than 20.0 g·L⁻¹ of cell dry weight concentration (DWC) of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 was obtained at day 5, and which was used directly to seed the autotrophic culture. A novel fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor was established and used to cultivate Chlorella sp. USTB-01 for the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO₂). It showed that the autotrophic growth of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 in the combined photobioreactor was more effective than that in the fermentor alone and the maximum DWC of 2.5 g·L⁻¹ was obtained at day 6. The highest CO₂ fixation of 95% appeared on day 1 in the exponential growth phases of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 and 49.8% protein was found in the harvested microalgal cells.     

Seasonal variation of transport pathways and potential source areas at high inorganic nitrogen wet deposition sites in southern China

This study attempts to identify the dominant transport pathways, potential source areas, and their seasonal variation at sites with high inorganic nitrogen (IN) wet deposition flux in southern China. This is a long-term study (2010–2017) based on continuous deposition measurements at the Guangzhou urban site (GZ) and the Dinghushan Natural Reserve site (DHS) located in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A dataset on monthly IN concentration in precipitation and wet deposition flux were provided. The average annual fluxes measured at both sites (GZ: 33.04±9.52, DHS: 20.52±10.22 kg N/(ha∙year)) were higher, while the ratios of reduced to oxidized N (GZ: 1.19±0.77, DHS: 1.25±0.84) were lower compared with the national mean level and the previous reported level throughout the PRD region. The dominant pathways were not always consistent with the highest proportional trajectory clusters. The transport pathways contributing most of deposition were identified in the north and north-northeast in the dry season and in the east-southeast, east, and south-southwest in the wet season. A weighted potential source contribution function (WPSCF) value >0.3 was determined reasonably to define the potential source area. Emission within the PRD region contributed the majority (≥95% at both sites) of the IN deposition in the wet season, while the contribution outside the region increased significantly in the dry season (GZ: 27.86%, DHS: 95.26%). Our results could help create more effective policy to control precursor emissions for IN fluxes, enabling reduction of the ecological risks due to excessive nitrogen.     

2019—2020年天津市津南区多环芳烃和有机磷阻燃剂气固分配特征及健康风险评价

多环芳烃(PAHs)及有机磷阻燃剂(OPEs)种类繁多且具有易挥发性,通过气固分配行为完成气态和颗粒态的转化. 为准确评估天津市津南区PAHs、OPEs和各组分气固分配行为及风险评价,选择16种PAHs及7种OPEs作为研究对象,利用色谱质谱联用技术测定2019—2020年天津市津南区大气环境中的PAHs和OPEs浓度水平,利用气固分配实测及预测模型研究PAHs及OPEs分配行为,并通过健康风险评价模型对其健康风险进行评估. 结果表明:①天津市津南区2019—2020年∑G-PAHs (气态PAHs总和)年均浓度为36.7 ng/m3,PM_2.5中∑P-PAHs (颗粒态PAHs总和)年均浓度为7.3 ng/m3;∑G-OPEs (气态OPEs总和)年均浓度为5 142.0 pg/m3,PM_2.5中∑P-OPEs (颗粒态OPEs总和)年均浓度为2 752.0 pg/m3. ②研究期间,PAHs气固分配机制受吸收和吸附机制共同影响,低分子量、高分子量PAHs分别受吸附机制、吸收机制影响,而OPEs则主要受有机物吸收机制影响. ③颗粒态的2~3环PAHs、4环PAHs和5~6环PAHs的非致癌风险值占比分别为0.01%~8%、1%~31%和62%~98%,颗粒态的2~3环PAHs、4环PAHs和5~6环PAHs的致癌风险值占比分别为0.2%~1.5%、3%~71%和70%~99%,颗粒态的TNBP (磷酸三丁酯)、TCEP〔三-(β-氯乙基)磷酸酯〕、TCPP〔三(异氯丙基)磷酸盐〕、TPHP (磷酸三苯酯)和TDCPP〔三(1,3 -二氯异丙基)磷酸盐〕的非致癌风险值占比分别为36% (范围为10%~58%)、40% (范围为11%~72%)、45% (范围为13%~67%)、51% (范围为38%~75%)和49% (范围为37%~60%). 研究显示,OPEs的健康风险远低于PAHs,气态OPEs和颗粒态PAHs对人体健康的影响较显著.      

Adaption to Extreme Rainfall with Open Urban Drainage System: An Integrated Hydrological Cost-Benefit Analysis

This paper presents a cross-disciplinary framework for assessment of climate change adaptation to increased precipitation extremes considering pluvial flood risk as well as additional environmental services provided by some of the adaptation options. The ability of adaptation alternatives to cope with extreme rainfalls is evaluated using a quantitative flood risk approach based on urban inundation modeling and socio-economic analysis of corresponding costs and benefits. A hedonic valuation model is applied to capture the local economic gains or losses from more water bodies in green areas. The framework was applied to the northern part of the city of Aarhus, Denmark. We investigated four adaptation strategies that encompassed laissez-faire, larger sewer pipes, local infiltration units, and open drainage system in the urban green structure. We found that when taking into account environmental amenity effects, an integration of open drainage basins in urban recreational areas is likely the best adaptation strategy, followed by pipe enlargement and local infiltration strategies. All three were improvements compared to the fourth strategy of no measures taken.     

Highly effective visible-photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and simultaneous organic pollutant degradation over an urchin-like oxygen-doped MoS2/ZnIn2S4 composite

● An urchin-like OMS/ZIS composite was fabricated by a facile solvothermal method. ● The OMS/ZIS exhibits superior photocatalytic H₂ evolution for organics degradation. ● A probable mechanism of dual-functional photocatalysis was proposed in detail. ● This work provides an inspiration for rational design of dual-functional catalysts. Achieving hydrogen production and simultaneous decomposition of organic pollutants through dual-functional photocatalytic reactions has received increasing attention due to the environmentally friendly and cost-effective characteristics of this approach. In this work, an urchin-like oxygen-doped MoS₂/ZnIn₂S₄ (OMS/ZIS) composite was fabricated for the first time using a simple solvothermal method. The unique microstructure with abundant active sites and fast charge transfer channels further shortened the charge migration distance and compressed carrier recombination. The obtained composite exhibited an efficient H₂ evolution reaction rate of 12.8 mmol/g/h under visible light, which was nearly times higher than pristine ZnIn₂S₄, and the apparent quantum efficiency was 14.9% (420 nm). The results of the simultaneous photocatalytic H₂ evolution and organic pollutant decomposition test were satisfactory, resulting in decomposition efficiencies of resorcinol, tetracycline, and bisphenol A that reached 41.5%, 63.5%, and 53.0% after 4 h, respectively, and the highest H₂ evolution rate was 672.7 μmol/g/h for bisphenol A. Furthermore, natural organic matter (NOM) abundantly found in actual water was adopted as an electron donor for H production under simulated sunlight irradiation, indicating the promising practicability of simultaneous hydrogen evolution and NOM decomposition. Moreover, the mechanisms of the dual-purpose photocatalytic reactions, as well as the synergistic effect between the molecular structures of the organic pollutants and the corresponding adsorption behavior on the photocatalyst surface were illustrated in detail. These obtained results may serve as an inspiration for the rational design of highly efficient, dual-functional photocatalysts in the future.     

Society organization,not pathogenic viruses,is the fundamental cause of pandemics

Environmental Chemistry Letters -     

Pollutant concentrations and pollution loads in stormwater runoff from different land uses in Chongqing

To investigate the distribution of pollutant concentrations and pollution loads in stormwater runoff in Chongqing,six typical land use types were selected and studied from August 2009 to September 2011.Statistical analysis on the distribution of pollutant concentrations in all water samples shows that pollutant concentrations fluctuate greatly in rainfall-runoff,and the concentrations of the same pollutant also vary greatly in different rainfall events.In addition,it indicates that the event mean concentrations (EMCs) of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from urban traffic roads (UTR) are significantly higher than those from residential roads (RR),commercial areas (CA),concrete roofs (CR),tile roofs (TRoof),and campus catchment areas (CCA);and the EMCs of total phosphorus (TP) and NH3-N from UTR and CA are 2.35-5 and 3 times of the class-III standard values specified in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002).The EMCs of Fe,Pb and Cd are also much higher than the class-III standard values.The analysis of pollution load producing coefficients (PLPC) reveals that the main pollution source of TSS,COD and TP is UTR.The analysis of correlations between rainfall factors and EMCs/PLPC indicates that rainfall duration is correlated with EMCs/PLPC of TSS for TRoof and TP for UTR,while rainfall intensity is correlated with EMCs/PLPC of TP for both CR and CCA.The results of this study provide a reference for better management of non-point source pollution in urban regions.     

纳米SiO_2及PVP-g-SiO_2对PVC/PPSU共混超滤膜性能的影响

分别将纳米SiO_2及其改性物纳米聚乙烯吡咯烷酮接枝SiO_2(PVP-g-SiO_2)作为添加剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/聚苯砜(PPSU)共混超滤膜进行亲水化改性,并对其改性效果进行了对比研究。实验结果表明:添加纳米SiO_2使PVC/PPSU共混膜的纯水通量大幅增加,而添加纳米PVP-g-SiO_2质量分数达3%以上时纯水通量也增加;添加纳米SiO_2及PVP-g-SiO_2使PVC/PPSU共混膜的截留率、亲水性、耐污染性能及废水通量均得到较大程度的提高;与纳米SiO_2相比,纳米PVP-g-SiO_2对PVC/PPSU共混膜的亲水化改性效果更好。     

A coupling methodology of the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight theory for assessing coastal water quality

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rapid economic development in coastal areas has gradually increased the risk of coastal water quality deterioration. The assessment methods of coastal...