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水稻土中胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
测定在室内培养情况下南京水稻土中挥发性含硫气体的释放.结果表明,该土壤中产生H2S、羰基硫(COS)和二甲基硫(MDS)气体.当土壤中加入胱氨酸后,检测到甲硫醇(CH3SH)、二硫化碳(CS2)、COS、H2S和DMS气体.除DMS之外,这些气体的释放量随胱氨酸添加量增加而增加.据此推测,水稻土中胱氨酸的分解可能是CH3SH、CS2、COS、H2S等4种气体产生释放的来源之一.在厌氧条件(充氮淹水)下检测到的含硫气体低于好氧条件(普通大气淹水).光照、pH值、土壤含水量等对含硫气体的释放量均有影响 相似文献
74.
可持续发展战略的环境保护行动 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
乔寿锁 《城市环境与城市生态》1999,12(2):32-37
从可持续发展论释义,以及以污染现实反证,提出环境是可持续发展的基础,保护环境就是保护人类社会赖以生存和发展的自然资源,自然资源是发展的根本条件的论点,进而提出环境保护工作的二项基本任务。依此提出可持续发展战略的环境保护行动框架意见。 相似文献
75.
十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对土壤跳虫的急、慢性毒性效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示溴代阻燃剂对土壤生态系统的潜在危害,采用回避实验和繁殖实验评价了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对2种土壤跳虫Folsomia candida和Folsomia fimetaria的急/慢性毒性。48h的急性回避实验中,BDE-209对F.candida和F.fimetaria产生毒性效应的EC_(50)值分别为1.27和0.79mg·kg~(-1),LOEC值均小于0.5mg·kg~(-1)。慢性繁殖实验中,BDE-209对F.candida和F.fimetaria繁殖毒性的EC_(50)值分别为0.81和0.56mg·kg~(-1),LOEC值分别为<0.25和<0.5mg·kg~(-1)。研究表明,土壤BDE-209污染对跳虫的繁殖和环境行为有显著影响,且在较低暴露浓度下(0.25mg·kg~(-1))即对跳虫繁殖产生抑制效应;有性生殖的F.fimetaria比孤雌生殖的F.candida对BDE-209污染的毒性响应更为敏感。 相似文献
76.
白洋淀由于长期受人类活动影响,部分区域内源污染严重.针对该类区域,"十三五"水专项开展了生态清淤试点工程以实现内源治理.在清淤过程中底栖生物容易遭到严重破坏,与之密切联系的食物网受到影响.在沉水植物补种成功后,如何科学地恢复底栖动物群落并维持长效稳定,急需寻求解决方案.本研究于2018年对白洋淀大型底栖动物群落进行调查,根据调研结果、习性特征和食物网模型,提出了受损后大型底栖动物群落恢复方案.研究发现,春季优势种为螺类软体动物和虾类甲壳类动物,夏季和秋季为螺类软体动物和昆虫类摇蚊幼虫.全年主要优势种为中华圆田螺、中国圆田螺、羽摇蚊和大红德永摇蚊.通过食物网模型计算,确定了软体动物是2010年和2018年的关键功能组.因此,综合优势种和关键种,底栖动物群落恢复物种主要选择虾类、螺类和摇蚊幼虫.根据底栖动物的习性,确定甲壳动物和摇蚊幼虫以自然恢复为主,螺类以人工恢复为主的恢复方式.针对螺类关键物种,根据2018年调研生物量、工程经验值和生态容量综合确定其恢复投加量合理范围.通过以上研究,建立了基于食物网成熟度和稳定性的底栖动物群落恢复优化调控方案,为受损底栖动物群落的恢复提供借鉴. 相似文献
77.
Junlian Qiao Yang Liu Hongyi Yang Xiaohong Guan Yuankui Sun 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):83
78.
Arthrobacter sp. strain CN2, capable of degrading 4-nitrophenol, was isolated from activated sludge. Degradation of 4-nitrophenol was optimized at pH 7.7, 30?°C, and 0.53% of glucose. Salt tolerance of 4-nitrophenol degradation was as high as 6% (w/v). Several biodegradation intermediates were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 4-Nitrocatechol is involved in the degradation of 4-nitrophenol by CN2. Scale-up of 4-nitrophenol degradation was conducted in a bioreactor with different salinity. When the salinity was below 7%, the degradation rate of 4-nitrophenol was above 90% (100 mg L?1, 3 L). 相似文献
79.
Mingliang?ZhangEmail author Huiting?Qiao Yuanyuan?Xu Yang?Qiao Kejun?Yang 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2016,16(5):965-981
Research on interactions among wave, current, and vegetation has received increasing attention. An explicit depth-averaged hydrodynamic model coupled with a wave spectral model (CMS-wave) was proposed in this study in order to simulate the wave and wave-induced current in coastal waters. The hydrodynamic model was based on the finite volume method while the intercell flux was computed by employing the Harten–Lax–van Leer approximate Riemann solver to investigate the dry-to-wet interface, and the drag force of vegetation was modeled as the sink terms in the momentum equations. The CMS-wave model was used to investigate the non-breaking and the breaking random waves propagation in vegetation fields. Afterwards, an empirical wave energy dissipation term with plant effect was derived to represent the resistance induced by aquatic vegetation in the wave-action balance equation. The established model was calibrated and validated with both the experimental and field data. The results showed that the wave height decreased significantly along the wave propagation direction in the presence of vegetations. The sensitivity analysis for the plant density, the wave height, and the water depth were performed by comparing the numerical results for the wave height attenuation. In addition, wave and wave-induced current through a finite patch of vegetation in the surf zone were investigated as well. The strong radiation stress gradient could be produced due to the variation of the energy dissipation by vegetation effect in the nearshore zone, which impacted the direction and amplitude of the longshore current. The calculated results showed that the coupling model had good performance in predicting wave propagation and the current over vegetated water regions. 相似文献
80.
J.?D.?Qiao S.?K.?DelavanEmail author R.?I.?Nokes D.?R.?Plew 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2016,16(5):1021-1041
Laboratory experiments are conducted to quantify the mean flow structure and turbulence properties downstream of a spanwise suspended linear array in a uniform ambient water flow using Particle Tracking Velocimetry. Eighteen experimental scenarios, with four depth ratios (array depth to water column depth) of 0.35, 0.52, 0.78, and 0.95 and bulk Reynolds number (length scale is the array depth) from 11,600 to 68,170, are investigated. Three sub-layers form downstream of the array: (1) an internal wake zone, where the time-averaged velocity decreases with increasing distance downstream, (2) a shear layer which increases in vertical extent with increasing distance downstream of the array, and the rate of the increase is independent of the bulk Reynolds number or the depth ratio, and (3) an external wake layer with enhanced velocity under the array. The location of the shear layer is dependent on the depth ratio. The spatially averaged and normalized TKE of the wake has a short production region, followed by a decay region which is comparable to grid turbulence decay and is dependent on the depth ratio. The results suggest that the shear layer increases the transfer of horizontal momentum into the internal wake zone from the fluid outside of the array and that the turbulence in the internal wake zone can be modeled similarly to that of grid turbulence. 相似文献