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71.
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利用ArcIMS提供的地图服务功能,实现切片式WebGIS,从而可以获得更稳定、更快速的系统应用,以及更友好的用户体验。文章提出了以ArcIMS为基础实现切片式WebGIS的基本原理与思路,实现了所涉及的关键技术,主要包括:地图切片与实际地理坐标间的转换、地图切片的生成、地图切片的存储管理策略及网络发布与应用等。文章就基于切片式WebGIS实现地震应急指挥系统进行了简单的讨论,并且利用本文讨论的原理和方法,实现了地震应急日常运维管理系统,在实际工作中得到成功应用。 相似文献
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合理评价海水入侵对于地下水含水层管理和居民生活健康有着重要的意义。当前海水入侵评价应用较广泛的为包含单一因子和基于统计分析的多种水化学方法。本文综合阐述了海水入侵评价中所用的水化学指标、原理与方法,包括在国内评价体系中少见的一些方法,并以珠江口地下水含水层为例,对比了各种指标的有效性,评价了各类方法的优缺点以及在实际应用中可能产生的问题。结果显示,以Cl-和TDS作为简单直接的单因子可以快速评价海水入侵,尤其对于大范围的海水入侵评价十分有效。而和Ca2+,HCO3-,SO42-等变化有关的指标具有地域性,在研究区对海水入侵的指示并不是十分敏感。在复杂评价因子中,与离子交换有关SAR,BEX以及GQISWI与Cl-相关性较高,可以较好的指示海水入侵及水岩相互作用。经过分析,受到地下含水层和地表水道双重介质入侵的影响,研究区海水入侵范围在过去几个年代有向北推进的趋势。本研究对于高速经济发展下的沿海地下水含水层管理和评价有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
74.
Hongli Wang Qian Wang Jianmin Chen Changhong Chen Cheng Huang Liping Qiao Shengrong Lou Jun Lu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,(1):290-297
The characteristic ratios of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to i-pentane, the indicator of vehicular emissions, were employed to apportion the vehicular and non-vehicular contributions to reactive species in urban Shanghai. Two kinds of tunnel experiments, one tunnel with more than 90% light duty gasoline vehicles and the other with more than 60% light duty diesel vehicles, were carried out to study the characteristic ratios of vehicle-related emissions from December 2009 to January 2010. Based on the experiments, the characteristic ratios of C6–C8aromatics to i-pentane of vehicular emissions were 0.53 ± 0.08(benzene), 0.70 ± 0.12(toluene),0.41 ± 0.09(m,p-xylenes), 0.16 ± 0.04(o-xylene), 0.023 ± 0.011(styrene), and 0.15 ± 0.02(ethylbenzene), respectively. The source apportionment results showed that around 23.3% of C6–C8 aromatics in urban Shanghai were from vehicular emissions, which meant that the non-vehicular emissions had more importance. These findings suggested that emission control of non-vehicular sources, i.e. industrial emissions, should also receive attention in addition to the control of vehicle-related emissions in Shanghai. The chemical removal of VOCs during the transport from emissions to the receptor site had a large impact on the apportionment results. Generally, the overestimation of vehicular contributions would occur when the VOC reaction rate constant with OH radicals(k OH) was larger than that of the vehicular indicator, while for species with smaller k OH than the vehicular indicator, the vehicular contribution would be underestimated by the method of characteristic ratios. 相似文献
75.
<正>Mercury is a global pollutant due to its widespread use,emission,and long-range transport(Blum,2013;Pacyna et al.,2010).It is considered a priority pollutant due to its neurological toxicity,persistence,and bioaccumulation(Pacyna et al.,2010;Sharma et al.,2015).Mercury pollution can occur when products that contain mercury are improperly disposed of and mercury is released into the air,water,and soil(Zhang and Wong,2007).An estimated 22%of the annual world usage of mercury is in electrical equipment such as batteries,thermometers,and discharge lamps,and electronic devices such as monitors and 相似文献
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磷酸微波活化多孔生物质炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以甘蔗渣为原料,采用微波辅助H3PO4活化法制备富含含氧酸官能团的中孔生物质炭。通过扫描电子显微镜SEM、傅立叶变换红外光谱FT-IR等技术对生物质炭物理化学性质进行表征,并通过静态实验法,探讨炭样对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为及热力学性质。结果表明,H3PO4活化制备蔗渣生物质炭的适宜条件为浸渍比1:1,烘干时间10h,活化功率900W,活化时间22min,在此条件下制得的生物质炭得率为39.2%,碘值为817mg/g,亚甲基蓝值为229mg/g,为国家一级品标准的1.7倍。红外光谱分析表明,炭样表面以羟基、羰基、羧基等酸性官能团为主。静态吸附实验表明,Freundlich方程与Redlich—Peterson方程能较好地描述等温吸附行为,表现为优惠吸附。热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能(△G0)〈0,说明吸附反应是自发过程,而吸附标准焓变(△H0)〉70KJ/mol,表明亚甲基蓝在制备炭样上的吸附是吸热反应,升温有利于吸附,且化学反应在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
79.
Wang J Hülck K Hong SM Atkinson S Li QX 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):71-77
The western stock of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) in the northern Pacific Ocean has declined by approximately 80% over the past 30 years. This led to the listing of this sea lion population as an endangered species in 1997. Chemical pollution is a one of several contributing causes. In the present study, 145 individual PCBs were determined in tissues of male sea lions from Tatitlek (Prince William Sound) and St. Paul Island (Bering Sea), and placentae from the Aleutian Islands. PCBs 90/101, 118, and 153 were abundant in all the samples. The mean toxic equivalents (TEQ) were 2.6, 4.7 and 7.4 pg/g lw in the kidney, liver, and blubber samples, respectively. The mean TEQ in placentae was 8 pg/g lw. Total PCBs concentrations (2.6-7.9 μg/g lw) in livers of some males were within a range known to cause physiological effects. Further suggesting the possibility of adverse effects on this stock. 相似文献
80.
Viana M Postigo C Querol X Alastuey A López de Alda MJ Barceló D Artíñano B López-Mahia P García Gacio D Cots N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1241-1247
Levels of cocaine and other psychoactive substances in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) were determined in urban environments representing distinct social behaviours with regard to drug abuse: night-life, university and residential areas. Three cities (with population >1 million and <0.3 million inhabitants) were selected. Mean daily levels of drugs in PM were 11-336 pg/m3 for cocaine, 23-34 pg/m3 for cannabinoids, and 5-90 pg/m3 for heroin. The highest levels were recorded on weekends, with factors with respect to weekdays of 1-3 for cocaine, 1-2 for cannabinoids and 1.1-1.7 for heroin. Higher levels were detected in the night-life areas, pointing towards consumption and trafficking as major emission sources, and possibly ruling out drug manufacture. The similarities in temporal trends at all sites suggested a city-scale transport of psychoactive substances. Correlations were detected between cocaine and amphetamine consumption (r2 = 0.98), and between heroin and cannabinoids (r2>0.82). 相似文献