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881.
Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich
water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best
performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could
eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the
membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants
from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L
NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane
surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the
other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface. 相似文献
882.
The highly e cient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions
between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These e ects are quite distinct from those associated
with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation e ciency, they have not been comprehensively
discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by
time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that
PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica
and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coagulation/flocculation e ciency in
turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared
to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping,
adsorption bridging mechanism. 相似文献
883.
Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental
problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and
sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated
runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters
the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg
contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of
higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The
concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4
2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation
of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within
10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60%
for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction
(DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved
phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%). 相似文献
884.
不同TS浓度互花米草沼渣二次发酵特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中温(35±1)℃条件下,沼渣经6%的NaOH常温下处理48 h后,在TS含量8%、10%、12%的条件下沼气发酵.分析了发酵过程中日产气量、累积产气量、甲烷含量、pH值、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的变化,从不同角度考察TS含量负荷对沼渣二次发酵特性的影响.单位TS的日产气高峰分别达10、14、13 mL.g-1,累积产气率为217、227、228 mL.g-1,甲烷含量均在65%以上.发酵过程中最低pH为7.04.乙酸浓度最高分别为3 364、3 286、5 728 mg.L-1,丙酸和丁酸浓度均低于1 100 mg.L-1.结果表明,沼渣为难降解有机物,分解缓慢,不易出现酸化现象,但仍具有较强的产气潜力. 相似文献
885.
886.
887.
燕来荣 《安全.健康和环境》2011,11(2):43-45
阐述了危险化学品物流安全储运的特点及事故危害,分析了危险化学品企业物流中的安全隐患及经济发展对危险化学品企业物流的安全储运提出的新要求,指出要用安全科学为物流科学保驾护航,以及危险化学品企业绿色物流安全储运的技术措施。 相似文献
888.
电-Fenton法预处理腈纶聚合废水的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用电-Fenton法预处理腈纶聚合废水,研究了试验条件对污染物去除效果的影响. 阳极采用Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3网状极板,阴极采用网状钛板,对腈纶聚合废水进行电解处理. 分别考察了停留时间,电解电压,FeSO4·7H2O投加量和pH对废水中污染物去除效果的影响. 正交试验结果表明,各影响因素的影响程度大小为pH>电解电压>FeSO4·7H2O投加量;单因素试验结果表明,在电解电压为15 V,pH为5,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为1.44 mmol/L,电解时间为3 h时,腈纶聚合废水中CODCr的去除率为31.98%,丙烯腈的去除率为74.10%,出水c(Fe2+)为0.004 mmol/L,废水的ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)从0.05升至0.47,提高了废水的可生化性,为后续生化处理创造了条件. 相似文献
889.
890.