鹤壁矿区煤矸石淋滤实验研究

对鹤壁煤矿区第10矿煤矸石进行连续淋溶试验,模拟煤矸石矿井填充后对地下水环境的影响.测定pH值、电导率、F-、总硬度、Zn、Mn、Cr6 、Cd、Cu和Pb等项目,实验结果表明,煤矸石淋出液中F-和Cr6 超标,Mn接近标准,pH值偏高,对地下水环境存在一定影响.其他各元素含量甚微,多未检出.     

人工湿地技术处理河道污水

概要介绍了水生植物与其净化性能在人工湿地技术上的应用等方面的研究成果与工程实例情况。     

煤矸石淋溶污染物对高速公路沿线土壤水环境污染的仿真研究

利用淋容试验,模拟自然降雨,分析了煤矸石对高速公路沿线地下水造成的污染,获得了大量真实可靠的数据,得出了煤矸石淋溶液中无机盐是造成高速公路沿线地下水污染的主要原因.并基于多孔介质流体力学和溶质运移动力学建立了描述微量元素在土壤-水环境系统中迁移的数学模型,利用该模型对煤矸石淋溶微量元素在道路沿线土壤-水环境中的迁移规律进行了模拟分析,进一步预测了污染物浓度变化规律及分布特征,可为公路沿线土壤-水环境污染提供分析依据.     

硫磺回收装置脱硫废液处理的试验研究

采用将脱硫废液与炼油废水按比例混合之后对其进行处理的方法,通过批式试验,考查混合废液的BOD5/COD指标及其COD、NH3-N、S2-的去除率。筛选合适的混合液配比,分别对500︰1和800︰1的混合废液进行了模型试验,分析了COD去除效果。结果表明:800︰1的混合废液在10d之后,出水COD为134mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准要求。最终确定炼油废水与脱硫废液混合的合适比例应不低于800︰1。     

Characterization and removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate rejected by nanofiltration

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wastewater rejected by nanofiltration from a landfill leachate treatment plant was fractionated into humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) fractions. It was found that humic substances (HA and FA) composed 75% of the total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of the DOM, with an average molecular weight of about 1000 Da. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and acid-base titration observations showed that the HA and FA of the DOM exhibited lower fractions of condensed aromatic functional groups but larger fractions of acidic groups compared with other aquatic DOMs. The properties of HA and FA were similar, but HA exhibited more complete humification, while the HyI fraction had more acidic groups. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 was used to adsorb the DOM in the wastewater along with primary coagulation. Results of bench-scale experiments indicated that the treatment process could effectively remove the DOM and heavy metals while desorption liquid was 10 times more condensed than raw wastewater. Results of desorption and reproducibility tests consolidated the strong application potential of this treatment process as an advanced landfill leachate treatment technology.     

Fly ash reinforced thermoplastic vulcanizates obtained from waste tire powder

Novel thermoplastic composites made from two major industrial and consumer wastes, fly ash and waste tire powder, have been developed. The effect of increasing fly ash loadings on performance characteristics such as tensile strength, thermal, dynamic mechanical and magnetic properties has been investigated. The morphology of the blends shows that fly ash particles have more affinity and adhesion towards the rubbery phase when compared to the plastic phase. The fracture surface of the composites shows extensive debonding of fly ash particles. Thermal analysis of the composites shows a progressive increase in activation energy with increase in fly ash loadings. Additionally, morphological studies of the ash residue after 90% thermal degradation shows extensive changes occurring in both the polymer and filler phases. The processing ability of the thermoplastics has been carried out in a Monsanto processability testing machine as a function of shear rate and temperature. Shear thinning behavior, typical of particulate polymer systems, has been observed irrespective of the testing temperatures. Magnetic properties and percolation behavior of the composites have also been evaluated.     

粉煤灰制聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑新工艺

采用粉煤灰制备聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑.该法共分一次酸浸、碱溶、焙烧、二次酸浸4个阶段.实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:一次酸浸阶段酸溶温度100℃,碱溶阶段m(氢氧化钠):m(活化高硅渣)=0.6,二次酸浸阶段m(碳酸钠):m(灰渣A)=0.8、盐酸质量分数20%.在此条件下Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)的总浸出率分别为96.54%和86.67%.主要产品聚合氯化铝铁的质量符合GB15892-2003<水处理剂聚氯化铝>的标准;产品白碳黑的质量符合GBl0517-89<沉淀二氧化硅>的标准.     

Are non‐poor households always less vulnerable? The case of households exposed to protracted civil war in Southern Sudan

Civil wars in Africa are now the leading contributory cause of vulnerability of rural communities. Understanding vulnerability during civil war is critical for humanitarian response and post-conflict rehabilitation planning. The lack of understanding of vulnerability has led existing studies to make sweeping generalizations, either by equating the dynamics of vulnerability during civil wars with vulnerability in other risk events, or by projecting people in the 'war zones' as unable to cope and subsequently becoming vulnerable. This paper is an attempt to gain a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of vulnerability during protracted civil war. It shows that during civil war the non-poor are not necessarily less vulnerable than poor households. The idea that people caught up in civil war are all vulnerable is not supported by the findings of this paper. It shows that the 'standard' pattern of vulnerability to drought is similar to that during exogenous counter-insurgency warfare, while a different pattern of vulnerability to endogenous shocks is identified.     

基于混沌优化神经网络的砂土液化预测模型

针对砂土液化预测的非线性难题,在分析BP神经网络和混沌优化的各自优缺点的基础上,将混沌优化与梯度下降法相结合,构成了神经网络权值和阈值的一种新的组合优化算法(COBP),并将该组合优化算法用于砂土液化的预测建模.工程实例应用表明,该组合优化模型不仅搜索速度快,全局稳定性好,而且预测精度高,结果可靠,能达到工程应用的精度要求,为砂土液化的非线性预测提供了一种有效方法.     

BAF处理生活污水过程中同步去除H2S的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的过程中,以混和臭气的空气为气源,以掺入了陶粒和铁炭颗粒的复合填料为载体,研究了反应器的运行条件和参数,结果表明,以混合臭气的空气作为气源对污水处理过程的需氧量基本无影响.当反应器的进气量为40 L/h,进水容积负荷和进气H2S的浓度分别在0.3～1.6 kg COD/(m3·d)和0.8～2.3 mg/m3之间变化时,可以实现出气和出水中H2S和COD分别小于0.04 mg/m3和90 mg/L,满足同时达标排放的要求.H2S的同步去除可能是通过微生物的氧化分解和形成FeS沉淀来实现的.