生物催化氧化法脱除H2S的试验研究

针对H₂S污染的严峻形势，构建了包括催化再生装置和生物滴滤器的生物催化氧化装置。该装置以沸石为填料，以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为脱硫菌种，通过微生物和Fe³⁺的双重氧化作用高效脱除H₂S。试验确定了装置的适宜喷淋量和沸石的最佳粒径。在温度为30℃，进气量为0.25 m³/h，进气H₂S浓度为2500mg/m³，喷淋量为1000mL/h，喷淋液的pH值为1.97、Fe³⁺浓度为0.05 mol/L的条件下，出气H₂S浓度足以达到GB14554-93规定的一级厂界标准值。试验证明，生物催化氧化法是一种新型高效的脱硫技术，应进一步开展中试研究。     

Evaluating the effectiveness of routine water quality monitoring in Miyun reservoir based on geostatistical analysis

This study used geographic information system techniques and geostatistics methods to evaluate the effectiveness of routine water quality monitoring in the western segment of the Miyun reservoir in Beijing. Methodologies as well as the sampling design are evaluated. The single-layer evaluation and three integrated evaluation methods including principal component analysis (PCA), ordinary kriging (OK)_Mean, and Mean_Layers were used to validate the effectiveness of evaluation methods, and the effectiveness of each sampling design was validated by comparing their errors. Results indicated that, while a single-layer evaluation only shows the trophic state of water at a specific level, an integrated evaluation synthetically analyzes and evaluates the trophic state of the entire water body. Furthermore, results of the integrated analysis show that a PCA method is more accurate and can represent the trophic state of the entire water body. The OK_Mean and Mean_Layers methods are only able to represent the mean level for trophic state of the entire water body but cannot reflect local trophic state and distribution details. Although methods used in the routine monitoring of Miyun reservoir have some similarities to the OK_Mean and Mean_Layers methods, their range of errors and uncertainty are greater because of a lack of detailed spatial continuous information. The analysis on the number of sampling points shows that, within a certain range of error, minor changes of sampling points will have no obvious impact on the monitoring results. For the routine monitoring of western Miyun reservoir, using only three to five sampling points for monitoring is inadequate. According to our analysis, it is more appropriate to use at least ten sampling points for monitoring these areas.     

Membrane fouling controlled by coagulation/adsorption during direct sewage membrane filtration (DSMF) for organic matter concentration

Unlike the role of the membrane in a membrane bioreactor, which is designed to replace a sediment tank, direct sewage membrane filtration(DSMF), with the goal of concentrating organic matters, is proposed as a pretreatment process in a novel sewage treatment concept. The concept of membrane-based pretreatment is proposed to divide raw sewage into a concentrated part retaining most organics and a filtered part with less pollutant remaining, so that energy recovery and water reuse, respectively, could be realized by post-treatment. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out to verify the feasibility of coagulant/adsorbent addition for membrane fouling control, which has been the main issue during this DSMF process. The results showed that continuous coagulant addition successfully slowed down the increase in filtration resistance, with the resistance maintained below 1.0 × 1013m~(-1) in the first 70 hr before a jump occurred. Furthermore,the adsorbent addition contributed to retarding the occurrence of the filtration resistance jump, achieving simultaneous fouling control and chemical oxygen demand(COD)concentration improvement. The final concentrated COD amounted to 7500 mg/L after 6 days of operation.     

脉冲电晕放电去除NO的反应途径研究

对脉冲放电等离子体条件下去除NO的宏观反应机理进行研究结果表明,不同氧含量的氮气流中NO的脱除均同时存在氧化、分解与还原三条途径。气流中氧含量不同,起主导的反应也不相同。还考察了NH₃气、H₂O蒸气等调质剂对反应途径的影响。NH₃的加入有利于NO通过还原途径脱除,但同时导致生成N2O反应的加剧,而产生二次污染,由此说明NH3加入位置的重要性。水蒸气在等离子体作用下产生氧化性物种,有利于NO的氧化脱除。本实验条件下加入气流量1％的水气即能使NO氧化脱除率增加20％左右。实验还考察了电参数（峰值电压、脉冲重复频率等）对NO脱除反应的影响。最后对本实验条件下的反应机理进行推断,所得结果对脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱NO工艺研究具有一定的指导意义。     

柳江国家地质公园的科学价值与地质环境保护

秦皇岛柳江国家地质公园以地质遗迹资源丰富、地貌景观多样而闻名,具有重要的科学研究价值和旅游价值。然而地方政府为满足短期经济发展的需要,过度开发园区内的煤炭、水泥灰岩等矿产资源,致使一些珍贵的地质遗迹被破坏。为此,从政策、法规以及宣传教育层面对地质遗迹的保护提出一些建议。     

滇池水环境污染成因及治理策略分析

滇池水污染严重制约了昆明市居民生活质量的提高和和经济的可持续发展,准确把握引起滇池水体污染的原因是制定治污方案的关键。近年来,由于滇池地区人口的增长和经济的迅速发展,排入滇池的污染物和致营养化物质不断增加,加之人们对森林的过度砍伐,极度破坏了滇池生态环境的平衡,降低了生态环境净化能力,致使滇池水体污染进一步加重。因此,治理滇池水体污染,首先要控制污染源以减少污染物和致营养化物质的排放,加大污染物和致营养化物质排放前的处理工作;其次加大森林保护力度,退耕还林;增强生态环境自身净化能力也是滇池水体污染治理的好方法。     

单边界、双边界二分式条件价值评估方法的比较——以北京市空气污染对健康危害问卷调查为例

 以北京市空气污染健康危害经济评价为例,采用目前国际上推荐的条件价值评估最适合的二分式问卷格式,探索条件价值评估最大支付意愿引导技术在我国应用的适用性.结果表明,单边界问卷格式和双边界问卷格式估计平均最大支付意愿分别为739.57,652.33元/年,两问卷格式估计平均最大支付意愿的95%置信区间分别为656.49～845.34,604.04～707.01元/年.双边界问卷格式与单边界问卷格式相比能够获得被调查者支付意愿的更多信息,从而缩小估计的置信区间,提高最大支付意愿的估计精度.     

人体周血中性粒细胞核突与环境污染的关系—357例污染区农民核突的检测

据国内外有关资料报道,人体周血中性粒细胞核突与恶性肿瘤有密切关系。而恶性肿瘤与环境污染有关也是众所周知的.但有关环境污染与中性粒细胞核突关系的研究,国外尚未见报道.国内只有陈丽玑等作过初步报道,并认为环境污染越严重,人的中性粒细胞核突率越高。为进一步探讨中性粒细胞核突与环境污染的关系,以发现人体因持续接触小剂量有害物质而引起的慢性损害,并找出一种能快速、简易、直接检测污染物损害人体健康的早期生物学指标的方法,我们对湖北省鸭儿湖氧化塘周围6个村357例农民的中性粒细胞核突进行了观察.     

改革开放以来广州市番禺区景观格局变化研究

番禺区作为广州市新的发展方向,处于中国经济和社会发展的前沿。研究番禺区20年来的景观格局变化,对于其经济社会的可持续、健康发展有一定的指导意义。利用番禺区1979年、1990年、2000年的MSS、TM、ETM^＋影像,在GIS的支持下,结合景观生态学的理论分析了番禺区三个时期的景观格局及其动态变化。结果表明,20年来,番禺区的景观格局变化迅速,斑块数量和空间格局变化较大;各景观类型之间的转移明显,耕地、林地快速向建设用地、养殖水域等转变。人文因素是景观格局变化的直接驱动力,人口增长、经济发展是导致景观系列变化最根本的原因。     

缺氧—好氧—催化臭氧氧化工艺处理石化厂含盐废水

采用缺氧—好氧—催化臭氧氧化工艺处理某石化厂的含盐废水。实验结果表明：在进水COD为200~350 mg/L的条件下,经生化处理后的出水COD稳定在50~60 mg/L,COD去除率稳定在75%左右;在臭氧投加量为4.5 g/L、V（催化剂Ⅱ）∶V（废水）=1.5∶1的条件下,进行连续催化臭氧氧化后出水COD稳定在20 mg/L以下,COD去除率大于70%,满足DB 61/224—2011《黄河流域（陕西段）污水综合排放标准》。表征结果显示,催化剂表面含有铜元素,比表面积为250.815 m²/g,吸水率为60.9%,经过滤可去除废水中残留的催化剂。