水泥行业环境影响评价低碳技术选择与应用

水泥行业是主要的耗能行业和CO₂排放大户之一,在水泥行业环境影响评价中进行碳排放评价并推荐选择合适的低碳技术十分重要。分析了水泥生产过程的产碳环节,整理了各工艺环节国内外出现的低碳技术,通过建立水泥行业低碳技术评价指标体系,结合实际调研数据,评价了湖南省水泥代表性企业所应用的15项低碳技术,为水泥行业环境影响评价中碳排放控制技术的选择与应用提供参考。结果显示：从低碳效果来看,建设能源管理中心、纯低温余热发电技术、高固气比水泥悬浮预分解技术、助磨剂的使用等得分高;从技术成熟度、技术普适性来看,纯低温余热发电技术、辊压机粉磨系统、高压变频节能改造、助磨剂的使用等得分高;从经济评价指标来看,纯低温余热发电技术、水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾、高固气比水泥悬浮预分解技术、建设能源管理中心得分较高。综合排名靠前的技术以能源综合利用类和节能过程控制技术为主,包括纯低温余热发电技术、建设能源管理中心、高固气比水泥悬浮预热分解技术等,是环境影响评价中重点推荐的技术。

     

矿山企业发展循环经济的探索与实践

详细介绍了首钢矿山公司发展循环经济的基本思路和主要做法,结合其多年的探索与实践,指出发展循环经济既是矿山企业适应时代变化的必然趋势,也是矿山生存与发展的应有前提,是提升矿山企业核心竞争力的合理选择。     

低浓度三氯生废水的电化学去除效能

以钌铱电极做阳极、石墨片做阴极,建立了电化学反应器处理三氯生模拟废水,重点考察了电流密度、pH、电解质硫酸钠浓度对电化学反应器去除水中微量三氯生效能的影响规律。研究发现,随着电流密度增大,三氯生去除率会有所提高,但存在一定限度;总体上酸性或碱性条件下的处理效果优于中性条件,电解质浓度过高或过低都不利于三氯生的去除。计算出不同电解质浓度和电流密度下的能耗,探讨了三氯生的电化学去除机制。电化学反应器对三氯生模拟废水有较好的处理效果,当三氯生初始浓度为4 mg·L-1、电流密度为10 mA·cm-2、电解质Na2SO4浓度为0.025 mg·L-1、中性条件下反应时间2 h,三氯生去除率达70.7%,能耗为26.4 kWh·g-1。     

Immigrant Pantoea agglomerans embedded within indigenous microbial aggregates：A novel spatial distribution of epiphytic bacteria

Immigrant bacteria located on leaf surfaces are important to the health of plants as well as to people who consume fresh fruits and vegetables. However, the spatial distribution and organization of these immigrant bacteria on leaf surfaces are still poorly understood. To examine the spatial organization of these strains, two bacterial strains on tobacco leaves： （1） an indigenous strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri Nov. Y2011 labeled with green fluorescent protein, and （2） an immigrant strain Pantoea agglomerans labeled with cyan fluorescent protein isolated from pear, were studied. Under moist conditions, P. agglomerans cells quickly disappeared from direct observation by laser- scanning confocal microscopy, although elution results indicated that large amounts of live cells were still present on the leaves. Following exposure to desiccation stress, particles of cyan fluorescent protein-labeled P. agglomerans were visible within cracked aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Detailed observation of sectioned aggregates showed that colonies of immigrant P. agglomerans were embedded within aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Furthermore, carbon-resource partitioning studies suggested that these two species could coexist without significant nutritional competition. This is the first observation of an immigrant bacterium embedding within aggregates of indigenous bacteria on leaves to evade harsh conditions in the phyllosphere.     

中国地区生物质燃烧释放的含碳痕量气体

为了研究中国地区生物质燃烧不同阶段释放的各种妆胆气体排放比与排放因子，建立了动态与静态燃烧室以及ＣＨ４、ＣＯＳ、ＣＯ、及ＣＯ２的采样、富集、分析方法；然后对典型乔木、灌木与草的地上部分生物质进行规模不同的燃烧实验，测得痕量 排放比和排放因子，根据全国森林生态系统碳贮量的估计及火灾统计资料，初步测算了中国地区生物质向大气中释放含碳痕量气体量。     

Adsorption of atrazine by natural organic matter and surfactant dispersed carbon nanotubes

The aggregation and dispersion behaviors of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can regulate the environmental spread and fate of CNTs, as well as the organic pollutants adsorbed onto them. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were surface modified with humic acids from di erent sources and with surfactants of di erent ionic types. The dispersion stability of surface modified CNTs was observed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The e ect of humic acid and surfactant dispersion on the adsorption of atrazine by CNTs was investigated by batch equilibrium experiments. Both humic acid and surfactant could e ectively disperse MWNTs, but not SWNTs, into stable suspensions under the studied conditions. Surface modified CNTs had a greatly reduced capacity for adsorption of atrazine. The inhibitory e ect of peat humic acid was relatively stronger than that of soil humic acid, but the two surfactants had a similar inhibitory e ect on atrazine adsorption by the two CNT types. Increases in surfactant concentration resulted in rapid decreases in the adsorption of atrazine by CNTs when the surfactant concentration was less than 0.5 critical micelle concentration.     

提高区域生态环境质量综合评价水平的新思路--GIS与层次分析法的结合

区域生态环境质量综合评价涉及众多要素，同时又需要反映生态环境质量状况的空间格局。层次分析法在多要素综合评价方面具有独特优势，而GIS技术拥有强大的空间分析能力，将GIS与层次分析法相结合应用于江苏省生态环境质量综合评价，可以充分发挥两种方法的优势。首先，根据江苏省生态环境的基本特点确定生态环境质量综合评价的指标体系和基本评价单元，通过层次分析法，确定各评价指标的权重，计算出每个评价单元的生态环境质量综合指数和分指数；然后运用GIS技术，根据每个评价单元的质量指数和分指数，自动生成江苏省生态环境综合评价等级图；在此基础上，对江苏省生态环境整体及各不同侧面质量状况的空间分异规律进行分析和研究。结果显示，江苏省生态环境质量基本上由南向北逐渐降低，与自然环境状况的空间格局大体吻合，但局部地区有差异。表明自然条件对江苏省生态环境质量的空间分异起决定性作用，但社会经济和环境污染等因素同样对生态环境具有重要影响，在某些情况下，甚至可以成为决定因素，并在一定程度上改变生态环境的空间格局。     

生物倍增(Bio-dopp)工艺处理城市污水

生物倍增工艺(Bio-dopp)是通过可防堵塞的曝气系统、生物除磷系统、空气提升系统及快速澄清装置,将生物硝化、反硝化,释磷、吸磷,有机物氧化等各工艺全部协调在同一反应池内同时进行,并在池内设立澄清区(相当于二沉池)的一种新型城市污水处理工艺。其高效曝气设备确保低氧条件下微生物去除耗氧有机物(特别是在同一反应器内实现硝化反硝化)。同时保证高效搅拌效果,并且工艺稳定,维护方便。它省去了传统工艺的污泥回流泵房、二沉池等构筑物及配电、管道等相应设备。具有出水稳定、设备高效,投资与运行成本低,占地面积小等优点,有较强竞争力。     

吉林省生态环境保护“十四五”规划的初步思考

"十四五"是在打赢污染防治攻坚战、全面建成小康社会的基础上,加快实现2035年基本建成美丽中国"吉林样板"的关键五年。研究报告在对吉林省"十三五"生态环境保护成效及存在的主要问题、"十四五"生态环境保护面临的机遇和挑战进行分析的基础上,提出了"十四五"全省生态环境保护的总体思路与目标及主要任务。