泥鳅在生物栅技术修复景观水体中的作用

设计一种由微牛物载体填料和水生植物、水生动物为主要构件的生物栅处理装置(BGD),以强化处理污染景观水体.实验中选择组合填料、美人蕉、泥鳅作为生物栅构成要素,以上海市苏州河支流赤水河河水为实验用水,通过对比实验研究泥鳅在系统中的作用.泥鳅投放密度为650 g m2,以近自然的方式进行静态处理,过程中体系溶解氧(DO)的变化范围为1.9～3.0 mg L-1.BGD组DO水平高于对照组,运行第24 h和48 h,BGD组DO分别为1.96 mg L-1和2.2 mgL-1,而对照组只有1.5 mg L-1.生物栅内泥鳅在根系和填料间往来穿梭,上下运动,增加了生物栅的复氧速率.BGD中dDO/dDOC减少量与溶解性有机碳(DOC)减少量比值]随时间变化曲线斜率KBGD为-0.0042.-K对照＜-KBGD,说明BGD中的复氧速率大于对照组.运行48 h时BGD组NH4+-N和TP去除率分别为50.7%和82.4%,比埘照组提高30.9%和23.5%.24 h时BGD组TN去除率为34.4%,较对照组减少14.1.DO水平相对较高有利于NH4+-N、TP的去除,而不利于TN的去除.对照组和BGD组对UV254类物质都有一定去除效果,但对照组的去除率低于BGD组,运行72 h后,去除率分别为36.4%(对照组)和45.4%(BGD:组),泥鳅分泌特定酶能够降解特定的有机物质,有利于UV254的去除.图6表3参17     

垃圾堆放发酵机理与应用工艺研究

对垃圾的发酵机理进行了实验研究,对渗沥液的析出量及其酸碱度、堆酵后垃圾热值的变化以及堆内温度的变化进行了观测,并对堆酵过程的机理进行了初步分析,给出了垃圾堆酵应用工艺的建议.     

微波活化对Ca(OH)2孔隙结构及脱氯性能的影响

采用微波炉对一定质量的氢氧化钙样品进行活化，利用压汞仪考察了不同微波活化时间及脱氯反应前后的Ca(OH)2总比孔表面积、分段比表面积和孔径分布的变化，并在脱氯实验台上对脱氯效率进行实际测试。结果表明，微波活化存在一个最佳时间，在此时间内样品比孔表面积增大50%左右，而超过这一时间样品比表面积回复性减小；微波活化主要通过增加3～20 nm孔径段的微孔为样品提供更大比表面积；这些新增加的微孔在脱氯反应过程中被完全利用或消耗； 最佳活化时间下的微波活化使Ca(OH)₂在较低Ca/Cl摩尔比下获得更大脱氯效率，Ca/Cl摩尔比=4.1时，脱氯效率增加了20%。     

Predicting heavy metals’ adsorption edges and adsorption isotherms on MnO2 with the parameters determined from Langmuir kinetics

Although surface complexation models have been widely used to describe the adsorption of heavy metals, few studies have verified the feasibility of modeling the adsorption kinetics,edge, and isotherm data with one p H-independent parameter. A close inspection of the derivation process of Langmuir isotherm revealed that the equilibrium constant derived from the Langmuir kinetic model, K S-kinetic, is theoretically equivalent to the adsorption constant in Langmuir isotherm, K S-Langmuir. The modified Langmuir kinetic model(MLK model) and modified Langmuir isotherm model(MLI model) incorporating p H factor were developed. The MLK model was employed to simulate the adsorption kinetics of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) on Mn O2 at p H 3.2 or 3.3 to get the values of K S-kinetic. The adsorption edges of heavy metals could be modeled with the modified metal partitioning model(MMP model), and the values of K S-Langmuir were obtained. The values of K S-kinetic and K S-Langmuir are very close to each other, validating that the constants obtained by these two methods are basically the same. The MMP model with K S-kinetic constants could predict the adsorption edges of heavy metals on Mn O2 very well at different adsorbent/adsorbate concentrations. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of heavy metals on Mn O2 at various p H levels could be predicted reasonably well by the MLI model with the K S-kinetic constants.     

论实用性是开发建设项目环境影响评价的根本属性

分析了当前开发建设项目环境影响评价报告编制中存在的百科全书式大而全的资料堆砌式报告、片面追求脱离实际要求的技术先进性、报告编写不规范等问题,明确指出实用性是环境影响评价的根本属性,坚持实用性才能发挥环境影响评价的作用.     

垃圾焚烧重金属迁移特性及其影响因素

综述了城市固体垃圾（MSW）焚烧过程中的Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu,Zn,As和Cr等几种主要重金属污染源在焚烧过程中的迁移特性及其主要影响因素。将重金属在焚烧过程中的迂变归结为：蒸发、气相和表面反应、冷凝成核团聚和飞灰吸附等4个主要过程；而垃圾中重金属的初始浓度、原始垃圾的基体盐分（如Al、Si和K、Na等的存在形式）、垃圾中的C1（PVc和NaCl）和S的含量、垃圾的含水量以及焚烧过程中的运行参数（温度、滞留时间、氧化一还原气氛）等都会对焚烧过程的迁移规律产生影响。     

Thermodynamic analysis on heavy metals partitioning impacted by moisture during the MSW incineration

A thermodynamic calculation was carried out to predict the behavior and speciation of heavy metals (HMs), Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd, during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration with the different moisture levels. The calculation was based on the minimization of the total Gibbs free energy of the multi-components and multi-phases closed system reaching chemical equilibrium. The calculation also indicated the reaction directions and tendencies of HMs components. The impacts of chlorine additives (No PVC, 1%PVC, and 5%PVC) and moisture on the behavior of HMs were investigated at different temperature levels in the system (750 °C, 950 °C, and 1150 °C). Furthermore, because the incineration temperature falls down with the increase in moisture in waste, the co-influence of moisture and temperature in combusting MSW on the HMs was also studied with the given chlorine (as 1%PVC + 0.5%NaCl). The results showed that in the non-chlorine system, the impact of the moisture on Pb, Zn, and Cu was not significant, and the ratio of compound transformation was less than 10%, except the Cd compounds at 950 °C and 1150 °C. In the system with low chlorine (as 1%PVC) at constant temperature, the chlorides of HMs (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) transferred to oxides, and when the content of chlorine rose up (as 5%PVC), the ratio of the chlorides of HMs (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) transferring to oxides fell down noticeably. When the moisture varied together with the temperature, the Zn and Cu compounds transferred from chlorides to oxides with increase in moisture as well as decrease in temperature. At the temperature of 700–1000 °C, the impact of temperature on Pb and Cd was little and the moisture was the main factor; while at the temperature of 1000–1200 °C, the impact of increase in moisture and decrease in temperature on Pb and Cd was almost equal and reversed.     

基于多目标模糊优选模型的水资源优化调度——以山西东山供水工程区为例

水库水调度是典型的多目标优化问题,目标和决策过程都存在模糊性.在概述多目标模糊优选模型的内涵及其目标权重的确定方法的基础上,将该模型用于山西东山供水工程区7个水库的水环境质量评价,并进而开展了12条水库水调度路线优选.研究结果表明该方法可行、有效,对工程区水资源管理及其优化配置具有指导意义.     

影响模具寿命的因素与措施

影响模具寿命的因素有磨损,间隙,加工过程中的模具损坏,冲床精度,模具材料等。并对延长模具寿命提出了相应的措施。