安全教育在生产及教学中的重要性

本文通过在生产实践中发现的人的不安全行为及不安全因素，认识到安全教育的重要性，推想到安全教育在教学课程中的设置问题。     

纳氏试剂光度法测定水和废水中氨氮关键问题的研究

结合环境监测工作实际,应用国标经典分析方法——《纳氏试剂光度法》(GB7479-1987)对水和废水中氨氮的测定进行系统的研究。深入探讨运用该方法进行水和废水中氨氮测定中的一些关键操作技术问题,指出为适应"清洁分析、节能环保"的要求,应加强对环境友好型分析测试方法的研发与推广。     

Gamma irradiation-induced decomposition of sulfamethoxazole in aqueous solution: the influence of additives,biological inhibitory,and degradation mechanisms

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was decomposed by using gamma irradiation in the presence of different additives such as NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻, Cr(VI), 2-propanol, and tert-butanol. The results demonstrated that NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol inhibited SMX radiolytic removal. However, there existed a synergetic effect for radiolytic removal of the mixture containing SMX and Cr(VI). At an absorbed dose of 150 Gy, the removal percentages of SMX and Cr(VI) in the mixture were 73.5 and 84.6%, respectively, which was higher than the removal percentages of 70.6 and 4.1% for the single component of SMX and Cr(VI). This provides us an insight into treating the combined pollution in micro-polluted water. The SMX radiolytic removal followed a pseudo first-order reaction kinetic model, and the rate constant ratios of ·OH, e_aq ⁻, and H· towards SMX radiolysis were 10.4:1:2.9. In addition, 24-h bio-inhibitory to the macroalgae of SMX solution during gamma irradiation reached the maximum of 0.85 at an adsorbed dose of 100 Gy, then gradually decreased with the increasing adsorbed dose. Based on LC-MS analysis and quantum chemical calculation, the degradation intermediates were determined and concluded that SMX radiolytic removal was mainly via ·OH radical attack and direct decomposition of SMX molecule by gamma ray.

     

Variations and its driven factors of anthropogenic nitrogen loads in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000–2019

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the millennium, China has economically taken off with rapid urbanization, and anthropogenic nitrogen emission intensity has undergone remarkable...     

食品安全与应急检测体系

1 食品安全背景情况 　　食品安全这一词汇被世界卫生组织(WHO)定义为食物中有毒、有害物质对人体健康影响的公共卫生问题.通俗地说,就是食品在生产和被食用过程中不会对消费者健康造成损害或留下后遗症的一种保证.一般认为,食品安全包括两个方面:一是食品的充足供应,解除贫困、饥饿、实现人们温饱;二是食品的卫生与营养,摄入的食物无毒无害,无食源性污染物,提供人体所需的基本营养物质.由于食品安全涉及到保障人类健康的基本问题,世界各国政府都予以高度重视.尽管如此,近年来国际上有关食品安全恶性事件仍然不断发生,如欧洲的疯牛病、二恶英污染事件、苏丹红Ⅰ号事件、亚洲的禽流感等.随着全球经济一体化,食品安全已变得没有国界,世界上某一地区的食品安全问题很可能会波及全球,乃至引发双边或多边的国际食品贸易争端.……     

Effects of rape straw and red mud on extractability and bioavailability of cadmium in a calcareous soil

Screening of cost-effective soil amendments is important to develop “in situ” remediation techniques for cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. In this study, different soil amendments, including red mud, a by-product of the alumina industry, and acid-treated, nano-treated by nano-particle milling, nano and acid-treated red muds, zeolite, corn straw, and rape straw, were evaluated to immobilize Cd in two added levels (2 and 5 mg Cd·kg^-1 soil) in a calcareous soil by single and sequential extractions and by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) pot experiments. Results indicated that cruciferous rape straw significantly decreased the concentrations of water soluble, extractable Cd in soils, and Cd in cucumber plants, and it was more effective than gramineous corn straw. Also, red mud generally decreased the extractability and bioavailability of Cd added to calcareous soils more effectively than zeolite. Furthermore, the efficiency of red mud could be increased by the treatment of nano-particle milling due to the increase in specific surface area of red mud. It is potential to use rape straw and red mud as soil amendments to develop a cost-effective and efficient “in situ” remediation technology for Cd mildly contaminated calcareous soils.     

环境信息高效利用技术制度标准研究

本文对环境信息高效利用平台管理制度提出了相应的规范要求,包括制度的原则、内容和执行的方法。研究有助于推动环境信息高效利用平台的规范应用和发展。     

利用不同形态硫同位素组成辨识土壤污染过程的方法初探

本研究利用硫含量变化特征和不同形态硫同位素组成的变化规律,分析土壤硫源和迁移转化过程,辨识土壤污染过程.在北京市首钢烧结厂和通州永乐店分别采集了2条土壤剖面.研究结果显示：首钢工业区土壤硫含量在0.01%和0.69%间变化,土壤全硫在0.001%和0.03%间变化;工业区附近土壤样品可溶性硫酸盐硫同位素组成、硫化物硫同...     

不同土地利用方式下北京城区土壤的重金属累积特征

对不同土地利用方式下城市土壤的采样调查表明,北京市城市土壤Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量显著高于其相应的土壤背景值,As、Ni与背景值无显著差异.在工业、住宅、商贸、交通边缘带(道路)、公园、城市广场和校园7种土地利用方式下,工业区土壤Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量均居首位,且Cu、Pb和Zn含量达到污染等级;公园土壤的As水平最高,但仍处于清洁水平.As、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn综合累积程度由高到低的顺序为工业区公园商贸区≈校园住宅区≈城市广场交通边缘带.工业区土壤总体表现为重金属轻度污染;公园、商贸区、校园和住宅区土壤重金属处于尚清洁水平;城市广场和交通边缘带土壤重金属处于清洁水平.不同土地利用方式对城市土壤的重金属含量有一定影响.     

从抗震救灾看应急分析的响应模式

应急管理在应对自然灾害和其他紧急事件的作用日益明显,成为减少灾害损失的有效手段.在"5·12"汶川大地震这样超大型自然灾害面前,国家应急管理能力得到了一次全面考验,温总理在灾情发生后的第一时间赶到了救灾现场,当地和全国的救援力量也做出了非常及时的响应.