改性明矾浆吸附剂的制备及其除镉性能研究

以明矾生产中产生的废弃物明矾浆为原材料,采用热酸改性、热碱改性、焙烧改性和巯基化改性4种方法进行活化处理,得到新型除镉(Cd)吸附剂.同时,考察了Cd2+初始浓度、pH值和吸附剂投加量对改性明矾浆吸附去除Cd2+的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、用红外光谱(IR)等仪器对吸附剂进行表征.结果表明,热碱改性明矾浆具有较好的吸附Cd2+的性能,其饱和吸附量为5.41mg·g-1,而原明矾浆的饱和吸附量仅为0.40mg·g-1;热酸改性、焙烧改性和巯基化改性3种明矾浆对Cd2+的吸附性能与原明矾浆相比没有显著差异.改性明矾浆对Cd2+的吸附规律符合Langmuir等温方程式,其吸附机制主要为表面吸附.溶液pH值会显著影响改性明矾浆对Cd2+的吸附量和吸附率.综合而言,在pH≥7时,热碱改性明矾浆具有较好的去除Cd2+能力.     

城市污水污泥农用资源化研究

污水污泥是城市污水处理的副产品，如若处理不当，将会造成二次污染，本文针对污水污泥农用的现状，分析农作资源化志水污泥的出路及在应用中出现的问题。     

含铬电镀废水回收铬黄实验

在含铬电镀废水中加入硫化钠、碳酸氢钠和双氧水去除铜及其它杂质,再利用氢氧化钠和盐酸调节pH值,最后加入过量的硝酸铅制成铬黄。实验结果表明,温度和硝酸铅加入量对铬黄的生成有显著的影响。当反应温度为60℃,硝酸铅的添加量为0.05g/mL时,铬黄的生成量最大。在此条件下,100mL废水中能回收4.8g铬黄,铬的回收率为97.1%。     

大安市监测站在困境中求发展

在建立社会主义市场经济体制的新形势下，大安市环境站在业务经费严重短缺，监测技术落后，监测成本价格上涨等情况下，加强自身建设，在困境中求得了生存和发展，并取得了良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

Educational attainment and environmental Kuznets curve in China: an aggregate and disaggregate analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of various levels of education on CO2 emissions in China. Moreover, the study also tested...     

固定化混合菌处理高盐含油废水

对固定化微生物的除油性能进行研究,结果表明:以甘蔗渣和海绵为载体的固定化微生物的除油效果比游离状态的微生物除油效果好。甘蔗渣的最佳投加量为20 g/L(干重),最佳固定化条件为:固定化时间为36 h、pH为6、温度为40℃,在最佳固定化条件下菌种接入废水24 h后,除油率达62%;海绵的最佳投加量为5 g/L(干重),最佳固定化条件为:固定化时间48 h、pH为7、温度为35℃,在最佳固定化条件下菌种接入废水24 h后,除油率达75.8%;以甘蔗渣为载体的固定化微生物在处理时间为108 h时,除油率达最高为84.5%,以海绵为载体的固定化微生物在处理时间为96h时,除油率达82.4%。     

Identifying human-induced influence on microbial community: A comparative study in the effluent-receiving areas in Hangzhou Bay

Microbial compositions showed high differences in two study areas. COD was the key anthropogenic indicator in the coastal wastewater disposal area. Distinctive microbes capable of degrading toxic pollutants were screened. Microbial communities in effluent-receiving areas followed “niche theory”. Microbial community structure is affected by both natural processes and human activities. In coastal area, anthropegenetic activity can usually lead to the discharge of the effluent from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to sea, and thus the water quality chronically turns worse and marine ecosystem becomes unhealthy. Microorganisms play key roles in pollutants degradation and ecological restoration; however, there are few studies about how the WWTP effluent disposal influences coastal microbial communities. In this study, sediment samples were collected from two WWTP effluent-receiving areas (abbreviated as JX and SY) in Hangzhou Bay. First, based on the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, microbial community structure was analyzed. Secondly, several statistical analyses were conducted to reveal the microbial community characteristics in response to the effluent disposal. Using PCoA, the significant difference of in microbial community structure was determined between JX and SY; using RDA, water COD and temperature, and sediment available phosphate and ammonia nitrogen were identified as the key environmental factors for the community difference; using LDA effect size analysis, the most distinctive microbes were found and their correlations with environmental factors were investigated; and according to detrended beta-nearest-taxon-index, the sediment microbial communities were found to follow “niche theory”. An interesting and important finding was that in SY that received more and toxic COD, many distinctive microbes were related to the groups that were capable of degrading toxic organic pollutants. This study provides a clear illustration of eco-environmental deterioration under the long-term human pressure from the view of microbial ecology.     

地震救灾路径优化预设计方法

在紧急地震救灾期往往来不及优选通往现场的最短路径，由于地震破坏城市的交通系统，改变其可通行性，震前又不能按照静态的最短路算法进行设计。因此，本文在进行路径可通行性破坏概率预测与控制的基础上，给出了为重点救灾目标设计最佳安全度最短路径的图与网络算法     

好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化影响因素及应用现状

好氧颗粒具有良好的沉降性能、较高的生物量和高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性,是提高生物反应器效能的重要物质。文章综述了好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、颗粒化过程的主要影响因素以及在污水处理中的应用现状等三方面国内外好氧颗粒污泥的研究成果,并提出了好氧颗粒污泥的研究方向及发展趋势。     

造纸污泥生物干化特性及其影响因素实验研究

采用自主设计的污泥生物干化实验装置,研究了造纸污泥生物干化特性及其影响因素。重点研究了物料配比和评价参数（温度、pH值、含水率、挥发性固体、ATP含量和淀粉分解菌数量等）的变化规律。结果表明：通过正交实验获得生物干化的最优物料配比为：淀粉（25g／500g）、锯末（40g／500g）、接种量（15mL／500g）和磷酸二氢钾（5g／500g）。造纸污泥生物干化过程中,物料温度、pH值、含水率、挥发性固体、ATP含量和淀粉分解菌数量等指标变化规律性强,效果指示性明显,均可作为污泥干化效果的表征参数。在最优工艺条件下,污泥温度达到47．8℃,经过7d生物反应后,含水率降低到50．3％,挥发性固体降低到49．5％,生物干化效果显著。