浓缩液回灌出水电导率与离子浓度的灰色关联度研究

研究渗滤液浓缩液回灌出水电导率与离子浓度的关系对完善渗滤液浓缩液回灌体系具有重要的意义。采用成都某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液浓缩液,在实验室矿化垃圾填埋柱中开展了回灌实验,分别得到了回灌出水中电导率和8种离子浓度的变化规律。基于灰色关联模型,对电导率与离子浓度的灰色关联度进行了分析,结果表明,电导率与K+的关联系数最大,其次是NO-3、Na+和Cl-。因此在回灌出水中这4种离子与电导率的关联性较大、可将其作为回灌体系中优先控制的离子。     

Assessment of the bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in topsoils from different urban functional areas using an in vitro gastrointestinal test

Profiles of the bioaccessibility of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different urban functional areas of Xiamen City, Fujian, China were investigated. A physiologically based in vitro test was used to evaluate the bioaccessibility of total and individual PAHs. There was no obvious correlation between total concentrations of PAHs and bioaccessibility during the gastrointestinal phase for the soils from different functional areas. Results showed that the bioaccessibility variation in the gastrointestinal phase (ranging from 14.6% to 63.2%) was significantly higher than that in the gastric phase (ranging from 4.9% to 21.8%). The bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal phase was not only determined by soil organic materials but also directly related to physical and chemical properties of individual PAHs, except for two-ring PAHs. Increasing soil organic material content or decreasing ring numbers of PAHs could result in the decrease of PAH bioaccessibility. The total PAH bioaccessibility was largely contributed by individual PAHs with relatively high molecular weight.     

关于绿色生态油田建设的几点思考

在新的历史形势下,坚持以人为本,全面协调、可持续发展,走生态文明道路,是油田全面实现又好又快发展的必然选择,也是今后一段时间环境保护工作的关键。文章结合实际,论证了绿色生态油田建设的必要性,提出了创建的指导思想和基本原则,从改善环境质量、建立循环经济模式、完善生态管理机制、培育生态文化等方面对创建措施进行探讨。     

草铵膦和草甘膦在水环境中的行为和毒性效应研究进展

草铵膦和草甘膦均为灭生性广谱除草剂,具有低毒、高效的特点,是目前世界上使用最多的2种有机磷类除草剂,广泛应用于防除果园、非耕地等的杂草.在世界范围内广泛使用导致这2种农药越来越多地进入环境,尤其是水环境中.由于草铵膦和草甘膦在水中的溶解度大,且在水溶液中较稳定,目前在多地的水体中均检出2种农药残留.随着对草铵膦和草甘膦...     

Seasonal microbial community shift in a saline sewage treatment plant

Activated sludge was monthly sampled from a saline sewage treatment plant of Hong Kong (China) during June 2007 to May 2008 to analyze the microbial community shift along with environmental variations using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Environmental changes resulted into a seasonal microbial community shift characterized by alterations in species number and abundance in the sewage treatment plant. Correspondence analysis and cluster analysis on community structure profile showed that the 12 monthly samples fell into four groups, which is in accordance with season changing in Hong Kong. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that PO ₄ ^3t- -P and NH ₄ ⁺ -N posed more significant effects on community structure than total phosphorus and total nitrogen, respectively. Compared with sludge retention time, influent total phosphorus had an inverse effect on the community structure shift, and chemical oxygen demand and NH ₄ ⁺ -N showed a similar effects. Results of this study may contribute to the development of new knowledge involving the microbial community shift in sewage treatment plants.     

用苋菜红体系催化光度法测定痕量碘

提供了痕量碘新的催化光度法测定方法,避免了原方法使用的剧毒试剂。新方法以草酸钠为活化剂,以高碘酸钾氧化苋菜红的催化反应为基点。方法的检出限为8×10~(-10)g/mL,测定碘离子量的线性范围为2.5×10~(-9)～1.3×10~(-7)g/mL,大多数常见离子不干扰测定。     

影响油田安全生产的深层次问题分析与探讨

近几年来,中石化油田企业在安全管理上做了大量工作,取得了一些成绩,总体上保持了稳定的安全生产形势。但从事故发生的规律来看,距离科学发展观要求还有一定差距,主要表现在以下方面。     

几种荒漠植物对干旱过程的生理适应性比较

在甘肃临泽实地取样进行试验,比较了胡杨、花棒和梭梭等荒漠植物离体枝条的光合、蒸腾作用对组织水势降低的响应,以探讨其对干旱过程的适应性.结果显示,梭梭在-2～-5.5MPa、胡杨在-1～-4.5MPa的枝叶水势下具有较高的光合速率和水分利用效率,花棒和二白杨则在水势低于-2 MPa时光合速率和水分利用效率均显著下降;同时,梭梭的最大蒸腾速率不足2 mmol m-2 s-1,而同样条件下胡杨和二白杨的最大蒸腾速率则在4～6 mmol m2 s-1.因此,几种荒漠植物中,梭梭最能够适应干旱荒漠环境;胡杨因蒸腾失水较多而对环境水分有较强的依赖性,适应极端干旱的能力不及梭梭;花棒虽具有蒸腾耗水少的特点,但因在环境严重缺水时光合效率低而影响了其对荒漠的适应能力.     

大气污染预报技术及有关防治对策的研究

依据历史监测数据,研究了大气污染预测预报的方法及污染防治对策。利用主分量分析、多元逐步回归、拟合与逼近等方法,进行了天气预报参数与主要污染物的关系研究,建立了大气污染预测预报模型,制定了大气污染警戒值及警戒措施。模型可做４８小时内大气污染预报及１０日内大气污染趋势分析。     

Correction to: Analyzing farm households’ perception and choice of adaptation strategies towards climate change impacts: a case study of vulnerable households in an emerging Asian region

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -