典型地铁站的污染物扩散全尺寸试验研究

为全面了解地铁站内有毒有害气体的扩散发展规律,选取北京某地铁站开展了全尺寸实地扩散试验.利用三维超声波风速仪和多通道风速仪对机械通风工况下的站内流场进行监测,并对其气流组织形式进行分析;采用六氟化硫（SF₆）释放、时序采集和离线检测的方法,研究重气的传输速度和扩散范围等扩散与沉降规律,以期为地铁站内人员疏散路径规划提供数据支撑.结果表明：该地铁站在机械通风工况下,会形成一个较为规律的主流场,将其划分为相对独立的东、西两个区域,污染气体SF₆只能在释放源所处的气流顺向区域内流动,反向区域多个监测点SF₆均未检出;重气在扩散时会出现明显的沉降现象,SF₆浓度由2.5 m处的25 ppm分别升高至1.6 m处的180 ppm和0.5 m处的300ppm,且易于在楼梯、边缘等位置的地面积累从而形成局部高浓度区域,浓度可高达300 ppm以上;少量气体可以通过楼梯进入上层站厅,但浓度总体低于75 ppm,难以进一步由出入口扩散至站外地面;应急处置时,需要尽快将乘客向上层或气流反向区域疏散.     

Bioenergy production from chicken manure: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Adopting waste-to-wealth strategies and circular economy models can help reduce biowaste and add value. For instance, poultry farming is an essential source of...     

Tank-dependence of the functionality and network differentiation of activated sludge community in a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic municipal sewage treatment plant

● Environmental parameters affected functional bacteria and network associations. ● The structure and interactions of AS networks changed greatly within tanks. ● Anoxic co-occurrence network was more unstable and easily influenced. ● Composition of functional bacteria had a seasonal succession pattern. ● Tetrasphaera was the major PAO in spring and winter leading a better P removal. Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge (AS) in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of both engineering and ecological significance. Previous investigations have mainly focused on the AS communities of WWTP aeration tanks, and the differences and interactions between the communities in anaerobic and anoxic tanks of the AS system remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structures of bacterial communities and their inter-connections in three tanks (anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic) and influent from a full-scale WWTP with conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A/A/O) process over a year to explore their functionality and network differentiation. High-throughput sequencing showed that community compositions did not differ appreciably between the different tanks, likely due to the continuous sludge community interchange between tanks. However, network analysis showed significant differences in inter-species relationships, OTU topological roles, and keystone populations in the different AS communities. Moreover, the anoxic network is expected to be more unstable and easily affected by environmental disturbance. Tank-associated environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrients, were found to affect the relative abundance of functional genera (i.e., AOB, NOB, PAOs, and denitrifiers), suggesting that these groups were more susceptible to environmental variables than other bacteria. Therefore, this work could assist in improving our understanding of tank-associated microbial ecology, particularly the response of functional bacteria to seasonal variations in WWTPs employing A/A/O process.     

《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的生物多样性监测

生物多样性监测是执行和评估《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性保护框架》（简称《昆-蒙框架》）长期目标和行动指标所需要的关键数据的主要来源。简要介绍了《昆-蒙框架》下的全球生物多样性观测网络（The global biodiversity observation network,GEO BON）概况、中国已有的生物多样性监测/观测网络,构建全球生物多样性观测系统（A global biodiversity observation system,GBiOS）的目的和核心监测指标,分析了生物多样性监测网络建设的一般步骤和GEO BON建议的4种生物多样性监测新方法。提出,地理空间单元与生物类群的全覆盖监测是建设生物多样性监测网络的主要目标,传统监测方法和新监测技术的互补是当前生物多样性监测的重点工作内容。     

中国辐射环境监测法规标准问题分析

随着辐射环境复杂程度的不断提升,国内外良好实践和先进技术的出现,以及中国持续改善环境质量总目标的确立,中国的辐射环境监测法规标准体系面临新的挑战。通过对中国辐射环境监测法规标准进行梳理和研究,指出现有法规标准中存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策,建议加快制修订《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》、《环境监测管理条例》、《环境监测管理办法》以及辐射环境监测工作系列导则和相关行业标准,以保证辐射安全工作规范开展,全方位保证中国辐射环境质量提升。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定养殖废水中17种氟喹诺酮类抗生素

采用固相萃取-液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)技术,建立了养殖废水中17种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)的测定方法.水样在采用固相萃取法富集前,先用0.45 μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤,而后加入5％甲醇(体积比),用盐酸溶液将水样pH调节至2.0±0.5,经固相萃取柱富集,最后用9mL0.1％甲酸甲醇...     

建立钢丝绳断丝信号数据库的探讨

钢丝绳是提升、运输及牵引设备中的重要构件,钢丝绳断丝直接影响钢丝绳的强度,霍尔元件的漏磁通法可检测钢丝绳断丝根数和位置。整个系统由检测传感器、漏磁传感器、速度传感器、位移传感器等,数据采集、处理、分析系统,工控机等组成。钢丝绳断丝数据库的主要内容有检测信号的峰值、阈值波宽、钢丝绳直径、钢丝直径等7个基本因素。     

我国开征燃油税的战略环境评估

本文结合国际开展战略环境影响评价的思路和方法,分析开征燃油税后对环境所产生的直接影响和间接影响.燃油税的全面开征将在一定程度上缓解我国能源紧缺、机动车污染严重、城市交通拥堵、税费制度不合理等热点问题,对我国的环境保护工作是极其有益的,但是要及时做好税收分配、非道路用油返还、打击走私和安置分流人员等工作.     

微波辐射在二氧化锰诱导下对六氯苯污染土壤的修复研究

以二氧化锰为微波吸附剂,在密封体系中研究了微波辐射技术对六氯苯污染土壤的修复效果。分别以不同浓度的酸碱水溶液添加到土壤中,在模拟含水率为20%情况下,硫酸(50%)介质下六氯苯处理效果最好,10min的微波辐射即可使50mg/kg的六氯苯达到完全去除;但是在纯水和10mol/L氢氧化钠介质下,六氯苯基本上没有去除;随着硫酸浓度的降低,六氯苯的去除率显著降低。气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析没有检测到新物质。六氯苯去除机理推测为,直接矿化或者HCB及其分解的中间产物同土壤发生化学结合而被固定起来,以致难以萃取出来。     

船载雷达海冰监测及预报技术在辽东湾冰区油轮外输作业中的应用

渤海的辽东湾是世界上典型的海湾结冰区,位于冰区中的石油平台油轮外输作业中,流冰连续不断地漂移、聚集形成堆积冰,给海上油轮的外输作业安全带来严重危害。本文概述了在国内首次利用船载雷达,在该湾冰区石油平台上,现场采用雷达海冰监测预报技术系统,进行遥感海冰数据源的获取,图像的解译和数值化处理,得到流冰类型、冰厚度、流冰密集度、流冰速度、方向、流冰漂移轨迹等要素。同时首次现场实时计算出雷达冰漂流场矢量图,并开展了雷达海冰数值跟踪预报,在冰区油轮外输作业中得到很好应用,为雷达技术对水体和海冰监测和预报、遥感应用新领域提供科学依据。