环渤海渔港沉积物多环芳烃的污染特征和生态风险评价

2019年5-6月采集了环渤海20个渔港的沉积物样品,采用高效液相色谱紫外成光检测器串联方法对16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行检测,分析了其分布和组成特征,采用比值法和正定矩阵因子模型法(PMF)对PAHs进行定量源解析,采用效应区间中低值法和中值商法评估其生态风险.10种PAHs的检出率达到100％,表明PAHs在沉积...     

开展环境空气质量预报预警工作的研究

近年来,全国各地雾霾天气的大范围、高频次地发生,为改善环境空气质量,及时有效地为政府及公众提供环境质量状况信息,抓紧构建环境空气质量监测预报预警技术体系建设成为了环境部门当前迫在眉睫的一项工作.通过分析湖南省长株潭区域开展城市环境空气质量预报预警工作的现状,描述了预报期间发生过由雾霾造成的大气污染指数变化情况及气象条件,同时对区域内环境空气质量预报预警工作的技术路线进行了探讨,介绍了空气质量集合数值预报系统中的常用模型,及其在北京市、上海市空气质量预报系统的应用情况,提出了统一规划,搭建集合数值预报系统平台、注重气象部门合作,开展科学研究、加快人才培养,提高预报水平和科学管理发布与宣传的具体建议措施.     

河流风景区生态系统健康评价研究——以桂林漓江风景区为例

基于河流风景区生态系统特征及功能分析,提出了河流风景区生态系统健康的概念,并结合PSR评价框架和河流风景区生态系统的特点,建立了河流风景区生态系统健康评价模型。在此基础上,利用漓江风景区2002-2011年间10a的相关数据,对漓江风景区生态系统健康状况进行了评价。结果显示:漓江风景区生态系统总体健康状况逐年好转,但其压力评价要素长期处于亚健康至疾病状态。针对生态环境压力,从4个方面提出了加强桂林漓江风景区生态系统健康管理的措施。     

Factors affecting the distribution of microplastics in soils of China

● Microplastic (MP) abundance in soil of China was highly heterogeneous. ● MP abundance was higher near large rivers and central land affected by monsoons. ● MP abundance was correlated with longitude, mulching film, and average temperature. ● Factors suitable for predicting MP pollution using models were discussed. Microplastics (MPs) are found worldwide in high abundance, posing a potential threat to ecosystems. Despite the ubiquity of MPs in the environment, very little is known about the regional distribution of MPs and underlying factors affecting this distribution in the field, which likely include human activity, but also features of the environment itself. Here, out of a total of 1157 datapoints investigated in 53 Chinese studies, 9.68% datapoints were removed as outliers in the heterogeneity analysis. This review revealed that the abundance of MPs was highly heterogeneous. In addition, microplastic (MP) distribution maps based on China demonstrated that the highest abundance of MPs tended to occur near large rivers and central land affected by the intersection of two monsoons. The model-fitting and previous studies showed that MP abundance in China was correlated with longitude, agricultural mulching film usage per capita, temperature, and precipitation. However, due to the heterogeneity of MPs and the low matching degree between the current environmental data and the sampling points, this pattern was not as evident as reported in any single study. Factors affecting the distribution of MPs can not be captured by linear relationships alone, and systematic selection of suitable environmental factors and further model optimization are needed to explore the cause of MP pollution in soil. Overall, this review revealed an uneven distribution of MPs and serves as a reference for model prediction to assess and control plastic pollution in natural soil environments.     

Impacts of leachate of landfill on the groundwater hydrochemistry and size distributions and heavy metal components of colloids: a case study in NE China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Colloids associated with heavy metals are ubiquitous in contaminated groundwater; waste accumulation at imperfectly sealed landfills can produce large...     

Effects of steel slag amendments on accumulation of cadmium and arsenic by rice (Oryza sativa) in a historically contaminated paddy field

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Paddy soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) is a great concern. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of steel slag (SS,...     

Remediation mechanisms of mercapto-grafted palygorskite for cadmium pollutant in paddy soil

The immobilization agent was the key factor that determined the success of remediation of heavy metal polluted soil. In this study, mercapto-grafted palygorskite (MP) as a novel and efficient immobilization agent was utilized for the remediation of Cd-polluted paddy soil in pot trials, and the remediation mechanisms were investigated in the aspect of soil chemistry and plant physiology with different rice cultivars as model plants. Mercapto-grafted palygorskite at applied doses of 0.1–0.3% could reduce Cd contents of brown rice and straws of different cultivars significantly. Both reduced DTPA-extractable Cd contents in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and decreasing Cd contents in iron plaques on rice root surfaces confirmed that MP was an efficient immobilization agent for Cd pollutant in paddy soil. In the aspect of soil chemistry, the pH values of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils had no statistical changes in the MP treatment groups, but their zeta potentials decreased obviously, indicating that MP could enhance the fixation or sorption of Cd on soil compositions. In the aspect of antioxidant system, MP could increase POD activity of rice roots significantly to alleviate the stress of Cd to roots, and resulted in the decrease of T-AOC, SOD, and CAT activities of rice roots of the selected cultivars. MP had no inhabitation or enhancement effects on TSH of rice roots but enhance the contents of MTs and NPT to binding Cd to complete detoxification process. MP as a novel and efficient immobilization agent could complete the remediation effects through soil chemistry and plant physiological mechanisms.

     

Benefit‐Cost Analysis of Integrated Water Resource Management: Accounting for Interdependence in the Yakima Basin Integrated Plan

Integrated water resource management (IWRM) requires accounting for many interrelated facets of water systems, water uses and stakeholders, and water management activities. The consequence is that project analysis must account for the nonseparability among the component parts of IWRM plans. This article presents a benefit‐cost (B‐C) analysis of a set of projects included in the Yakima Basin Integrated Plan proposed for the Yakima Basin in south‐central Washington State. The analysis accounts for interdependence among proposed water storage projects and between water storage and water market development in the context of historical and more adverse projected future climate scenarios. Focusing on irrigation benefits from storage, we show that the value of a given proposed storage project is lower when other proposed storage projects in the basin are implemented, and when water markets are functioning effectively. We find that none of the water storage projects satisfy a B‐C criterion, and that assuring proposed instream flow augmentation is less expensive by purchasing senior diversion rights than relying on new storage to provide it.     

多环芳烃典型电子性质与其大型蚤光致毒性的构效关系研究

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中广泛分布的持久性有毒有机污染物,备受研究者关注。基于密度泛函理论(DFT)先期计算PAHs前线分子轨道能隙可能与其光致毒性诱发所需吸收光照辐射能有一致性,本研究选取非取代PAHs对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)光致毒性实验数据,通过DFT计算典型电子性质,由偏最小二乘(PLS)分析方法优化发展了定量构效关系模型,经与前人结果比较和验证其拟合优度、稳定性和内外部预测性能均有显著提升,可在应用域(AD)范围内准确预测PAHs光致毒性而满足风险评估需求。构效关系分析结果表明,PAHs光致毒性与分子前线轨道能隙紧密相关,除苯并[k]荧蒽和屈可能具有不同的光致毒性作用机制之外,多数PAHs若具有较低的前线轨道能隙、较小分子稳定性和较大分子变形性,均将有利于促进其光致毒性作用的发生;结合PAHs光致毒性与分子前线轨道能隙间的相关关系,可推测DFT计算前线轨道能隙宽度在2.740~4.208 e V之间和对应光照辐射波段约为295 nm~450 nm时,PAHs污染暴露将可能诱发较高的光致毒性效应。这为太阳光照射下PAHs光致毒性作用机制阐释和风险评价提供了数据支持与理论依据。