纳米Al13的分离方法及混凝效果动态过程的研究

以相同Al13含量、不同浓度的PAC为原料,利用乙醇-丙酮混合溶剂法、SO4^2-／Ba^2 沉淀置换法以及柱层析法分离提纯纳米Al13形态,同时利用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法、^27Al-NMR等多种现代分析手段进行分析鉴定,比较其分离效果,并采用烧杯实验法和透光率脉动检测技术对Al13形态以及PAC、AlCl3的絮凝效果及絮凝过程中絮集物形成和增长的变化差异作了对比性研究．实验结果表明,乙醇．丙酮混合溶剂法对Al13分离纯化效果最好,分离所得Al13平均粒径大,聚合程度高．柱层析法受柱体积的影响只对低浓度的PAC有较好的分离效果;SO4^2-／Ba^2 沉淀置换法虽具有较好的分离效果,但分离过程有其他杂质离子的加入,影响到产品品质．混凝效果和动态实验结果表明,Al13形态是在絮凝过程中起电中和作用的主要形态,具有较强的除浊及脱色能力,在混凝过程中当絮体受到剪切力的破坏时Al13形态比PAC和AlCl3具有更强重新絮凝的能力．     

Separating method and dynamic processes of Nano-Al13

In order to investigate the characteristics of pure Nano-Al₁₃, Nano-Al₁₃ was separated and purified from a series of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) solutions which had the same Al₁₃ percentage but different total Al concentrations, by using column chromatography, ethanol-acetone resolving and SO²⁻ ₄/Ba²⁺ displacement. The Al₁₃ species yield was characterized by Al-ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry and ²⁷Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The coagulation efficiency of Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ in synthetic water was also investigated by Jar tests. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ were similarly investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer 2000 (PDA2000). The experimental results indicated that the ethanol-acetone resolving method was simple and could separate the PAC solution at different concentrations, while column chromatography could separate PAC solutions at low concentrations. The SO₄ ²⁻/Ba²⁺ displacement method could separate PAC solutions at high concentrations. However, extra inorganic cation and anion could be added in the solution during separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ with high positive-charged species was effective in removing turbidity and color. The dynamic process results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ also had the best recovery capability after shearing compared with PAC and AlCl₃ because the Nano-Al₁₃ conformation is more effective in charge neutralization. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(6): 767–772 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

粉末活性炭对膜过滤性能的影响

向一体式膜生物反应器中投加粉末活性炭（PAC），可以显著提高膜的过滤性能，有效缓解膜的污染。研究结果表明：投加PAC的吸附作用减少了由于胞外聚合物（EPS）而引起的膜污染；膜表面PAC颗粒的存在减小了浓差极化层的厚度和水力边界层的厚度，提高了过滤物质的传递速率；膜表面形成的PAC层还可过滤微生物和胶体颗粒，减少了它们到达膜表面的数量。     

Separating method and dynamic processes of Nano-Al13

In order to investigate the characteristics of pure Nano-Al₁₃, Nano-Al₁₃ was separated and purified from a series of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) solutions which had the same Al₁₃ percentage but different total Al concentrations, by using column chromatography, ethanol-acetone resolving and SO^2? ₄/Ba²⁺ displacement. The Al₁₃ species yield was characterized by Al-ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry and ²⁷Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The coagulation efficiency of Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ in synthetic water was also investigated by Jar tests. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ were similarly investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer 2000 (PDA2000). The experimental results indicated that the ethanol-acetone resolving method was simple and could separate the PAC solution at different concentrations, while column chromatography could separate PAC solutions at low concentrations. The SO₄ ^2?/Ba²⁺ displacement method could separate PAC solutions at high concentrations. However, extra inorganic cation and anion could be added in the solution during separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ with high positive-charged species was effective in removing turbidity and color. The dynamic process results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ also had the best recovery capability after shearing compared with PAC and AlCl₃ because the Nano-Al₁₃ conformation is more effective in charge neutralization.     

Pre-treatment of pyridine wastewater by new cathodic–anodic-electrolysis packing

A novel cathodic–anodic-electrolysis packing(CAEP) used in the treatment of pyridine wastewater was researched, which mainly consisted of 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-disulfonic acid(DSD acid) industrial iron sludge. The physical properties and morphology of the packing were studied. The CAEP was used in a column reactor during the pretreatment of pyridine wastewater. The influence of p H, hydraulic retention time(HRT), the air–liquid ratio(A/L)and the initial concentration of pyridine were investigated by measuring the removal of total organic carbon(TOC) and pyridine. The characterization results showed that the bulk density, grain density, water absorption percentage and specific surface area were 921 kg/m3,1086 kg/m3, 25% and 29.89 m~2/g, respectively; the removal of TOC and pyridine could reach50% and 58% at the optimal experimental conditions(p H = 3, HRT = 8 hr, A/L = 2). Notably,the surface of the packing was renewed constantly during the running of the filter, and the handling capacity was stable after running for three months.     

Effect of viscosity, basicity and organic content of composite flocculant on the decolorization performance and mechanism for reactive dyeing wastewater

A coagulation/flocculation process using the composite flocculant polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin dimethylamine (PAC-EPI-DMA) was employed for the treatment of an anionic azo dye (Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP dye). The effect of viscosity (ηup), basicity (B = [OH]/[Al]) and organic content (W_P) on the flocculation performance as well as the mechanism of PAC-EPI-DMA flocculant were investigated. The ηup was the key factor affecting the dye removal efficiency of PAC-EPI-DMA. PAC-EPI-DMA with an intermediate ηup (2400 mPa.sec) gave higher decolorization efficiency by adsorption bridging and charge neutralization due to the co-effect of PAC and EPI-DMA polymers. The W_P of the composite flocculant was a minor important factor for the flocculation. The adsorption bridging of PAC-EPI-DMA with ηup of 300 or 4300 mPa.sec played an important role with the increase of W_P, whereas the charge neutralization of them was weaker with the increase of W_P. There was interaction between W_P and B on the removal of reactive dye. The composite flocculant with intermediate viscosity and organic content was effective for the treatment of reactive dyeing wastewater, which could achieve high reactive dye removal efficiency with low organic dosage.     

Flocculation behaviors of a novel papermaking sludge-based flocculant in practical printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

•PSBF performed better than PAC and PAM in CODCr removals. •PSBF was more insensitive to changing pH than PAC and PAM. •PAC could remove humic acid-like pollutants and dye particles. •PSBF was efficient in removing tryptophan-like pollutants from PPDW. •A secondary coagulation-flocculation process (PAC→PSBF) is proposed here. In our previous studies, several papermaking sludge-based flocculants (PSBFs) were synthesized from wood pulp papermaking sludge. The structure-activity relationships of the PSBFs have been investigated in simulated dye wastewater treatment, but their efficiencies in practical printing and dyeing wastewater (PPDW) treatment are unknown. Herein, an PSBF was prepared, and its performance is discussed in comparison to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) in PPDW treatment. The PSBF was used in three ways: as an independent flocculant, as a PAC aid, or used to treat the effluent of the PAC system. The results indicated that adding PSBF alone produced similar color and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removals as the PAC system alone, but PSBF performed better than PAC when the pH of PPDW was higher than 7.0. Adding PSBF as a PAC aid improved the color, COD_Cr and turbidity removals, but the elimination efficiencies were slightly lower than those of the PAC+ PAM system. However, when PSBF was used as a flocculant to treat the effluent of the PAC system (PAC→PSBF), the effluent qualities were enhanced. Compared with the PAC system, the color and COD_Cr removals of PAC→PSBF system increased by 16.21% and 13.26%, respectively. The excitation and emission matrix fluorescence results indicated that PSBF removed tryptophan-like pollutants more efficiently than PAC. Considering the pH requirements of the subsequent bioreactor treatment in practice, the PAC→PSBF system were also investigated at the PPDW pH level of 7.0. Its maximum removal efficiencies of color, COD_Cr and turbidity were 90.17%, 32.60% and 82.50%, respectively.     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的形态及带电特性研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＯＨ、盐酸和水玻璃为原料制备了不同碱化度（Ｂ）及不同Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝混凝剂（ＰＡＳＣ）,采用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和微电泳技术研究了ＰＡＳＣ中铝的水解产物形态分布及铝的水解沉淀物的带电特性,考察了Ｂ及Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ中铝水解产物形态分布及带电特性的影响情况,并与聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）进行了比较,实验结果表明,Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ的形态分布有较大     

聚硅氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂的混凝性能

研究Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比及制备工艺对聚硅氯化铝（ＰＡＳＣ）混凝效果的影响,比较ＰＡＳＣ和聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）的混凝效果．结果表明,ＰＡＳＣ较ＰＡＣ混凝效果好．Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比和制备工艺对ＰＡＳＣ的混凝效果有影响．用共聚法制备的ＰＡＳＣ（共）,Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比降低,其混凝效果提高,但复合法制备的ＰＡＳＣ（复）,Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比过高或过低,均不利于其混凝效果的提高,ＰＡＳＣ（共）的混凝效果稍优于ＰＡＳＣ（复）的混凝效果．     

聚硅氯化铝(PASC)的形态分布及转化规律Ⅰ.Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究PASC溶液中铝的形态分布及转化规律

采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法比较研究了PASC与PAC中铝的形态分布及转化规律.实际结果表明,在PASC中,由于聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,使得铝的水解聚合形态分布及转化情况发生了变化.在相同B值条件下,PASC中Ala和Al b的含量低于PAC中相应Als和Alb的含量,而PASC中Alc的含量却大于PAC中Alc的含量.共聚法制备的PASC(共)与复合法制备的PASC(复)相比较,PASC(复)具有较高的Ala和 Alb含量,较低的Alc含量.这说明制备工艺对PASC中铝的形态分布具有一定的影响.