Enhanced reductive degradation of carbon tetrachloride by carbon dioxide radical anion-based sodium percarbonate/Fe(II)/formic acid system in aqueous solution

Complete CT degradation was achieved by SPC/Fe(II)/FA system.Formic acid established the reductive circumstance by producing CO₂·^–.CO₂·^– was the dominant active species responsible for CT degradation.CT degradation was favorable in the pH range from 3.0 to 9.0.SPC/Fe(II)/FA system may be suitable for CT remediation in contaminated groundwater.The performance of sodium percarbonate (SPC) activated with ferrous ion (Fe(II)) with the addition of formic acid (FA) to stimulate the degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) was investigated. Results showed that CT could be entirely reduced within 15 min in the system at a variety of SPC/Fe(II)/FA/CT molar ratios in experimental level. Scavenging tests indicated that carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2·^–) was the dominant reactive oxygen species responsible for CT degradation. CT degradation rate, to a large extent, increased with increasing dosages of chemical agents and the optimal molar ratio of SPC/Fe(II)/FA/CT was set as 60/60/60/1. The initial concentration of CT can hardly affect the CT removal, while CT degradation was favorable in the pH range of 3.0–9.0, but apparently inhibited at pH 12. Cl^– and HCO₃^– of high concentration showed negative impact on CT removal. Cl^– released from CT was detected and the results confirmed nearly complete mineralization of CT. CT degradation was proposed by reductive C-Cl bond splitting. This study demonstrated that SPC activated with Fe(II) with the addition of FA may be promising technique for CT remediation in contaminated groundwater.     

复杂地形大气扩散模式在环境影响评价中的应用

基于HJ2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则-大气环境》对复杂地形大气扩散模式的规定,对比研究AERMOD、CALPUFF、ADMS模式在流场模拟、地形处理思路和浓度预测方法等方面的异同,系统地提出了复杂地形条件下大气环境影响评价的技术要点,结合案例分析三模式预测的区域最大落地浓度及分布的差异,进一步探讨复杂地形大气环境影响评价存在的问题及解决方案,对做好大气环境影响评价工作具有重要的指导意义。     

基于高压共轨柴油发动机的SCR处理系统

柴油发动机的排气后处理技术是柴油发动机技术发展的核心。SCR处理系统是当前柴油机排气后处理技术之一,它能有效地去除柴油机排气中的NOx。将SCR处理系统与共轨柴油发动机结合并合理匹配,可满足更高排放标准的要求。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场填埋库区分期设计实例

提出山谷型生活垃圾卫生填埋场填埋库区采取分期设计的原则,以福建省连城县生活垃圾卫生填埋场为例,说明填埋库区采取分期设计后能有效地减少垃圾渗滤液的产生量,从而达到减少工程投资、加快工程进度、减少初期运行费用的目的。     

Fe^0对土壤中对氯硝基苯和对硝基甲苯的还原

采用零价铁(Fe0)还原技术,在25℃和常压下修复受对氯硝基苯(PCNB)和对硝基甲苯(PNT)混合污染的土壤,研究不同反应条件对还原反应的影响及产物在反应历程中的变化.实验结果表明:零价铁能够有效地将土壤中PCNB和PNT还原为其对应的苯胺化合物.在PCNB和PNT的初始含量约为2.5×106mol·g-1,Fe0加人最为25 mg·g-1,土壤水分含量为0.75 mL·g-1,土壤初始pH值为6.8,于25℃下反应5 h,PCNB和PNT的还原率都可达93%以上.Fe0用量、土壤初始pH值、温度和土壤含水量均对Fe0还原硝基苯类化合物有较明显影响,偏酸性的土壤、较高的温度、增加Fe0用量和饱和的土壤含水量能显著提高还原率.     

挤压过程数字模拟的双重网格技术

双重网格技术是将有限元计算用网格与材料质点网格分开,通过两层网格的信息传递,可将有限元网格上的位移、速率、应变速率映射到材料质点网格上去.采用这种方法,避免了大变形中需多次重新生成网格的问题,大大缩短了上机时间,同时还能直观反映各质点从变形开始到变形结束时的位移.     

Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process

A lab-scale composting experiment was carried out using vegetable and flower stalks waste to study the effectiveness of ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms (LCMs) obtained from the previous isolation on composting process, especially on enhancement of biodegradation rate of these organic materials. The addition of LCMs to compost showed promised to be a valuable asset by rendering timely benefits in efficiency, maturity, and quality of the composting. This was evidenced by a significant increase of temperature, O2 consumption and CO2 emission, and population density of LCMs in compost mass compared with that of biotic (addition of culture of horse feces) and abiotic (1% molasses amendment) treatments, as well as control trial. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the substrate became mature after 60 days' composting. The LCMs inoculation enhanced the biodegradation of the composting materials as evidenced by an increasing screening ratio (1.2 cm sieve pore) of 34.5% in the treated trail, compared with that of control, which elucidated that big advantage of adding selected inoculants over other treatment, and screening ratio is a reasonable index to compare the quality of different compost. However, the inoculation seemed to have no significant effect on the moisture content, pH, and the final organic carbon of the composting materials.     

离心式除水器脱水性能的正交法实验

将正交实验法用于湿式烟气脱硫装置离心式除水器脱水性能实验中，通过对实验数据的方差分析，确定了除水器各结构参数对脱水性能影响的显著水平及最佳结构参数，实现了除水器的优化设计。     

赤水市山地农业气候资源与果树生产布局

本文分析了赤水市山地丘陵气候的垂直变化规律，根据各气侯观测资料和温度垂直分布模型，推算出不同海拔高度各温度要素值。根据热量条件指标的自然分异和果树分布的实际情况，划分出不同农业气候层的高度，并对主要果树在赤水地区种植的适宜高度进行了气候适宜性分析，提出了不同农业气候层次的果树发展方向。     

江汉平原的芦苇土壤资源和开发利用

研究了江汉平原芦苇土壤资源的分布特点，形成条件与肥力性质，所得结果指出了这些土壤资源开发利用中应注意的问题，为提高这些土壤资源的生产力并加以开发利用提出了一些建议。