奇迹是怎样诞生的?

2004年秋天,对于四川省华蓥市天池镇打锣湾村和观音溪镇李子垭村的杨瑞春、杨瑞国等217户计830位村民来说,是值得高兴的日子,因为他们在党和政府的关怀下,从此脱离了地质灾害的威胁,生命和财产有了保障。     

用活性炭粒子群电催化反应器处理氯苯和硝基苯生产废水

采用自制的活性炭粒子群电催化反应器对氯苯和硝基苯生产废水进行处理,考察了槽电流、停留时间对氯苯、硝基苯去除效果的影响。在槽电流20-25A、停留时间30min的条件下,氯苯生产废水中的氯苯质量浓度为3．3～109．9mg／L、苯质量浓度为13．1—395．7mg／L时,氯苯和苯的去除率分别在99％和97％以上,TOC和色度的去除率分别在71％和92％以上;硝基苯生产废水中硝基苯、二硝基苯酚、对硝基氯苯的质量浓度分别为4．5—292．3,83．3—348．0,69．5—93．9mg／L时,硝基苯和二硝基苯酚的去除率分别在96％和99％以上,TOC和色度去除率分别在90％和98％以上,对硝基氯苯在出水中未检出。     

固相萃取结合GC和GC—MS快速测定血浆中局麻药

本文用本实验室发展起来的Ｘ－５大孔高分子树脂固相萃取预处理技术，结合毛细管气相色谱和ＧＣ－ＭＳ，建立了人血浆中１２种局部麻醉药的筛选方法。该方法快速简便，其灵敏度和线性范围满足临床急性中毒分析的要求。     

Environmental contamination of heavy metals from zinc smelting areas in Hezhang County, western Guizhou, China

Total heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations were evaluated in smelting waste, soil, crop and moss samples collected from the Hezhang artisanal zinc smelting areas, Guizhou, China. Soil samples from the cornfield near the smelting sites contained extremely high Cd (5.8-74 mg kg(-1)), Pb (60-14,000 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (260-16,000 mg kg(-1)) concentrations. Elevated heavy metal concentrations were also found in corn plants and total Pb (0.80-1.5 mg kg(-1)) and Cd (0.05-0.76 mg kg(-1)) concentrations in corn grain have totally or partially exceeded the national guidance limits for foodstuff. Thus, the soil-to-crop transfer of heavy metals might pose a potential health risk to the local residents. Similar to the high heavy metal levels in soil and corn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in moss samples collected from the smelting sites ranged from 10 to 110, 10 to 55, 26 to 51, 400 to 1200 and 330 to 1100 mg kg(-1), respectively, exhibiting a local spatial pattern of metals deposition from the atmosphere. Based on examination of Zn/Cd and Pb/Cd ratios of the analyzed samples, we have distinguished between the flue gas dust derived and smelting waste derived metals in different environmental compartments.     

Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China

A field survey was conducted to investigate the metal contamination in soils and vegetables, and to evaluate the possible health risks to local population through foodchain transfer near a smelter in Nanning, southern China. Contamination levels in soils and vegetables with cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were measured, and transfer factors (TF) from soils to vegetable plants and its health risk (risk index, RI) were calculated accordingly. Results showed that both soils and vegetables from villages 1 and 2 (V1 and V2, 1500 m and 500 m from the smelter) were heavily contaminated, compared to a village 50 km from the smelter. Geometric mean of Cd and Pb concentrations in vegetables for V1 and V2, respectively, were 0.15 and 0.24 mg Cd kg(-1) and 0.45 and 0.38 mg Pb kg(-1) (on fresh weight basis). Oral intake of Cd and Pb through vegetables poses high health risk to local residents. Risk indices for V1 and V2, respectively, were 3.87 and 7.42 for Cd, and 1.44 and 13.5 for Pb. The complexity of metal contamination and their health risks are also discussed.     

苏州河底泥中污染物分布特征及相关性

通过对苏州河市区段底泥的分析测定与研究，揭示了涉是金属，耗氧有机物，无机有害非金属和有毒有害有机物的若干相关性，以及它们的含量在各断面，统一断面的各深度和不同点位之间的分布的共同特征和规律性。     

A simulator study of driving behavior and mental workload in mixed-use arterial road environments

Objectives: Mixed-use urban environments, such as arterial roads with adjacent commercial land uses, represent crash locations with the highest risk. These locations are often characterized by high volumes of motor vehicle traffic, on-street parking, and interactions with multiple road user groups such as pedestrians, cyclists, and public transportation. The objective of this study was to investigate previously identified crash risk factors for mixed-use urban environments and assess how parking occupancy, center medians, and cyclist volume influence performance and workload in a driving simulator study.

Methods: Thirty participants were recruited for the study. Participants completed 6 drives that presented different combinations of cyclist volume, median condition, and parking occupancy. Incorporated into the simulator drives was a secondary peripheral detection task (PDT) designed to measure mental workload. Participants provided subjective assessments of workload using the Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME).

Results: Mean lateral lane position was found to significantly vary across the 3 independent variables of parking occupancy, cyclist volume, and median conditions. No significant changes were identified for mean speed across the conditions. Subjective and objective measures of workload identified changes due to the presence of cyclists with slower reaction times for the PDT task when cyclists were present.

Conclusion: The findings provide insight into the interaction of road design elements in mixed-use urban road environments and demonstrate that increasingly complex environments increase driver demand. This has important road design implications for mixed-use arterial roads, which are often characterized by complex interactions between multiple road user groups.     

聚铁硅型混凝剂的形态分析及性能研究

以水玻璃和聚合硫酸铁为原料制备不同碱化度(B)及不同Fe/Si摩尔比的系列聚合硫酸铁硅混凝剂(PFSS)并对其形态进行分析。采用FeFerron逐时络合比色法发现随熟化时间延长,Fe(a)和Fe(b)的含量逐渐减少,Fe(c)的含量逐渐增多,而碱化度越大,PFSS中铁越易从Fe(a)向Fe(c)转化。采用显微电泳实验发现PFSS随着投加量增加,Zeta电位升高。采用超滤法测定了制备的PFSS分子量的分布情况,并将其与PFS进行了比较,结果发现,PFSS的分子量明显比PFS的分子大。     

Occurrence and human dietary assessment of sulfonamide antibiotics in cultured fish around Tai Lake,China

As the most important fishery medicines, sulfonamides are widely used to prevent diseases caused by pathogens in aquaculture. However, relatively little is known about the residues and dietary risks associated with cultured fish around Tai Lake. In the present study, a sampling strategy for a complete aquaculture period was conducted. Specifically, 12 selected sulfonamide antibiotics were measured among 116 fish samples recruited from four sampling periods, four species, four areas, and 18 fish ponds. All 12 antibiotics were detected at detection frequencies of 4.31–28.45%. Total sulfonamides were detected in 77.59% of the fish samples, with 57.76% of fish samples containing from 0.1 to 10 μg kg^?1. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamethazine (SDD), and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were the main types of antibiotics used, and these were present at high concentrations (>100 μg kg^?1) with high occurrences, especially in the middle of the aquaculture season. Dietary assessment showed that residual antibiotics in all fish that were being sent to market were far below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of total sulfonamides and that there was almost no risk associated with fish consumption. The results of the present study will facilitate development of effective measures to produce safe aquatic products and meaningful suggestions for consuming aquatic products.