Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) in surface and tap water around Lake Taihu in China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs). In this paper, six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East China. Predominant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L⁻¹, the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L⁻¹, and the median (quartile range) values were 31.4 (34.4) and 10.4 (10.7) ng·L⁻¹, respectively. Other PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than PFOA. The sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area, and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the downstream. PFCs distributions were found different in the upstream, downstream and north part of Lake Taihu. Occurrences of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people. A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health, but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.     

用于高矿化度含油废水处理的高效菌株的分离及特性研究

从某高矿化度含油废水中筛选得到两株有效去除废水中有机物的高效降解菌株L1和Yj。通过VITEKTWO鉴定系统初步鉴定,得出LI为放射型根瘤菌（Rhizobium radiobacter）Yj为少见罗尔斯顿茼（Ralstonia paucula）。研究得到两株菌在pH为7、温度为40℃时生物量最大,两株菌在此条件培养下以1：1质量比复配投加对含油废水的有机物降解率在3h达39％,在6h达53％,提高了生物法处理含油废水的降解效率。     

铝合金电镀环评中污染防治措施若干问题的探讨

针对铝合金电镀环境影响评价中废水分类、水质特征及污染防治措施等问题进行了讨论,同时结合作者的工作实践,对电镀废水分类原则、处理工艺及其可靠性进行了分析,并提出了一系列适用于国家新颁布的《电镀污染物排放标准》（GB21900-2008）的工艺措施。     

Parameter determination to calculate water environmental capacity in Zhangweinan Canal Sub-basin in China

Zhangweinan canal sub-basin (ZWN) has the most serious water resource shortage and water pollution problems in north of China. To calculate the water environmental capacity in ZWN, determination methods for design flow rates and degradation coeffcients were discussed in this study. Results showed that 90% and 50% hydrological guarantee flow rates were suitable to be the design flow rates for rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Degradation coeffcients of COD_Mn and NH₃-N were 0.25 day⁻¹ and 0.15 day⁻¹ for branch streams and 0.5 day⁻¹ and 0.25 day⁻¹ for mainstreams, respectively in ZWN. With one-dimensional water quality simulation model, water environmental capacities were calculated to be 82,139 tons/yr for COD_Mn and 2394 tons/yr for NH₃-N in ZWN.     

蚯蚓人工湿地对农村生活污水净化效果试验研究

从生态学理论出发,以健全人工湿地生态系统为思路,通过引入爱胜蚯蚓使食物链"加环",强化水生动物环节,得出该工艺在0.3m3(/m·2d)的水力负荷下稳定运行后,处理农村生活污水的COD、TN和TP平均出水浓度分别为41.02mg/L、12.58mg/L和0.44mg/L,出水水质均低于国家城镇污水处理厂排放标准(GB18918-2002)一级排放A标准。同时蚯蚓对改善湿地内部溶解氧状况起到了一定的作用。     

油田含油污泥物性分析

含油污泥一般含油15％-50％,且泥中污油老化严重。而且油泥中原油、泥砂组份比例变化较大,从而影响油泥处理工艺的效果。本研究通过油泥成分分析研究了大庆油田采油八厂含油污泥的特性,并对其影响进行了分析。     

Effect of ferric and bromide ions on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination

The e ects of ferric ion, pH, and bromide on the formation and distribution of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination were studied. Two raw water samples from Huangpu River and Yangtze River, two typical drinking water sources of Shanghai, were used for the investigation. Compared with the samples from Huangpu River, the raw water samples from Yangtze River had lower content of total organic carbon (TOC) and ferric ions, but higher bromide concentrations. Under controlled chlorination conditions, four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), total organic halogen (TOX) and its halogen species fractions, including total organic chlorine (TOCl) and total organic bromide (TOBr), were determined. The results showed that co-existent ferric and bromide ions significantly promoted the formation of total THMs and HAAs for both raw water samples. Higher concentration of bromide ions significantly changed the speciation of the formed THMs and HAAs. There was an obvious shift to brominated species, which might result in a more adverse influence on the safety of drinking water. The results also indicated that high levels of bromide ions in raw water samples produced higher percentages of unknown TOBr.     

Synthesis and adsorption performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers

Synthesis and high adsorption and selectivity performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers.     

Simultaneous removal of arsenic and antimony from mining wastewater using granular TiO2: Batch and field column studies

Coexisting arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in mining wastewater is a common and great concern. On-site simultaneous removal of As and Sb from mining wastewater was achieved by using a reusable granular TiO₂ column in this study. To evaluate the accuracy of the scale-up procedure, As and Sb adsorption from wastewater was studied in both large (600 g TiO₂) and small columns (12 g TiO₂) based on the proportional diffusivity rapid small-scale column tests (PD-RSSCTs) design. The comparable As and Sb breakthrough curves obtained from small and large columns confirmed the accuracy of the PD-RSSCT theory in the design of large-scale columns. Meanwhile, the consistent As and Sb adsorption results from batch and column experiments suggested that TiO₂ adsorption for As and Sb can be predicted from bench-scale tests. Charge distribution multi-site complexation (CD-MUSIC) and one-dimensional transport modeling integrated in the PHREEQC program were performed to study the adsorption behaviors of As and Sb on the TiO₂ surface. Coexisting ions, such as Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, and Si^4 +, play an important role in As and Sb adsorption, and the breakthrough curves were well simulated after considering the compound ion effects. The results from this study highlight the surface reactions of As and Sb on TiO₂ and provide a practical way for on-site remediation of industrial wastewater.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have beenwidely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (f_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, andmosswas long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably themain source of DP.