金属冶选尾矿库周边土壤重金属污染诊断

通过对某尾矿库周边15个取样点的土壤进行取样调查,根据国家土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—1995),采用单项污染指数法、综合污染指数法对该区的土壤重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb)含量进行评价。结果表明:所有采样点的土壤重金属含量均未超过GB 15618—1995二级标准值,各金属污染程度为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb;采样点土壤中Cu含量均未超过GB 15618—1995一级标准值,Pb在采样点GW-3、GW-5、GW-6、GW-7的含量超过了GB 15618—1995一级标准值,Zn在采样点GW-2、GW-8的含量也超过了GB 15618—1995一级标准值,Cd在采样点GW-5、GW-7的含量超过GB15618—1995一级标准值;尾矿库四周污染程度依次为:东侧>南侧>北侧>西侧。     

HRT对城市污水厂尾水反硝化深度脱氮的影响

污水厂尾水回用作为水源时,其ρ(TN)较高是亟待解决的问题. 在调研污水厂尾水水质的基础上,利用MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)对其进行深度脱氮,并考察HRT(水力停留时间)对不同填料(聚乙烯和陶粒)的MBBR运行效果的影响. 结果表明,NO₃--N是尾水中氮的主要形态,其质量浓度约占ρ(TN)的80.8%±8.4%. HRT分别为12、8和4 h时,对NO₃--N去除率影响不大,均能达到90%以上,但反硝化能力随着HRT的缩短而成倍增加;HRT为4 h时各反应器的反硝化能力最大,聚乙烯和陶粒MBBR中分别为(28.4±14.5)和(27.4±14.3)mg/(L·d)(以NO₃--N计). 随着HRT的减少,COD_Cr去除率呈降低趋势. 三维荧光分析表明,进、出水中均含有类富里酸和类蛋白质等DOM物质. HRT为8 h时MBBR对DOM的去除率最高,聚乙烯填料MBBR对有机污染物的去除效果略优于陶粒填料. 综合考虑氮和有机污染物去除效能,聚乙烯和陶粒填料MBBR优化HRT均为8 h.      

钢铁行业废水零排放技术探索

针对钢铁行业废水特点,分析了目前钢铁行业各工序及全厂主要废水污染控制措施,重点分析了二级反渗透工艺的主要流程及进出水水质,以及该工艺存在的主要问题。通过对大型钢铁集团的现场调研,以太钢采用的反渗透和蒸发结晶工艺为例分析了钢铁行业真正实现废水零排放的技术可行性。该技术可以很好解决钢铁行业浓盐水的外排问题。     

六六六(α-HCH)在水、冰和雪中的光化学反应

研究了紫外光作用下六六六(α-HCH)在水、冰和雪3种介质中的光化学反应,考察了α-HCH的光化学反应动力学、产物和机理.结果表明,在水、冰和雪中,α-HCH均可以发生光化学反应,且反应均符合一级动力学方程.光化学反应速率大小顺序为雪>水>冰.在水和冰中,α-HCH均生成了异构化产物β-HCH和γ-HCH,异构化机理是α-HCH分子中的氯原子改变原来的构像;由于雪中α-HCH的光化学反应较快,因此在雪中未检测到异构化产物.在3种介质中,α-HCH的光解产物均为二氯苯和五氯环己烯,其机理为氯化氢或氯原子的脱除反应.     

Multi-index integrated assessment and analysis of town-sewage treatment priorities in China

Water quality is one of the most serious problems of environment and national sustainable development strategy now facing China. After hard work over the last several decades, urban-sewage treatment in China is now relatively well developed. It now affords mainly higher levels of sewage collection and treatment, as well as pollution-load control. The characteristic rapid urbanization now occurring in China is still increasing and developing dramatically, and involves large numbers of people. However, in towns, sewage treatment infrastructure is inadequate, and a high percentage of the sewage generated there is not effectively collected and treated. The sewage and pollution load of such towns have become the most important reason for environmental water problems in China. To understand the priorities of sewage treatment in such towns, and their spatial distribution in China, we conducted two nationwide investigations of water use and sewage discharge in towns. Based on the integrated analytic hierarchy process (AHP), assessment indices and a framework of town-sewage treatment priorities in China were constructed. Then, we assessed and analyzed the priorities of towns regarding three aspects of sewage treatment: environmental stress, economic capability, and infrastructure. The results showed that the southeast coastal areas and north China had higher demand for sewage treatment than other areas. The demand in eastern and western areas had obvious differences in spatial distribution, but had nearly no differences within those areas. The towns having the greatest demand for high-priority sewage treatment were concentrated in regions with high economic capability and intense water resource utilization.     

Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 mol·L^-1 CaCl₂ as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation (R₂>0.96). The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb(II) than Cu(II), which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1∶1 molar ratio of Pb(II) and Cu(II), the total amount of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions.     

再生水补给城市河湖水生态系统构建及管护技术体系研究应用—以圆明园为例

提出了"再生水水源补给城市河湖水生态系统构建及管护技术体系",并在圆明园开展了推广应用,设计建设了近70 hm2再生水水源补给城市河湖水生态系统构建及管护示范区.结果表明,该技术可有效改善水体景观、水质及水生态状况:浊度明显降低,示范区浊度大多小于3NTU(饮用水浊度国家标准1NTU),感官效果明显优于修复前;总磷平均...     

《2019年实现可持续发展目标所需转变及其指数和指示板全球报告》分析与政策建议

联合国可持续发展解决方案网络与贝塔斯曼基金会联合发布的《2019年实现可持续发展目标所需转变及其指数和指示板全球报告》评估了162个国家和地区17项可持续发展目标(SDGs)的实现情况,在全球具有影响力。本文分析了该报告的SDG指数和指示板构建的方法学变化及新增的SDG Trend评估情况,重点针对国别、区域层面的SDGs实施进展以及中国的进展状况进行深入分析,认为OECD、东亚、拉丁美洲、非洲等区域可持续发展目标实现进展各有特征,中国总排名上升但各项SDG子目标实施进展差异大,生态环境领域仍面临严峻挑战。提出中国要加快推进构建本土化的国家和地区可持续发展目标体系、对接"一带一路"倡议与联合国2030年议程等政策建议。     

低品位硅藻土吸附重金属的研究

硅藻土是一种生物硅质沉积岩,具有较大的比表面积,在工业上常用作吸附材料。但低品位硅藻土不利于直接加工利用,在矿产开发中常被忽视或丢弃。为更好地开发和利用低品位硅藻土,采用静态吸附实验研究了低品位硅藻土吸附四种重金属离子（Pb2＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Cd2＋）的动力学规律,用伪一阶、伪二阶模型及粒内扩散模型（Weber和Morris模型）对其吸附过程进行拟合,结果表明,硅藻土对四种重金属离子的吸附均符合伪二阶动力学模型。同时,实验也研究了硅藻土吸附Pb2＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Cd2＋的热力学,并分别用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich（D-R）方程进行拟合。结果表明,Freundlich和D-R方程都能很好地描述硅藻土对Pb2＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Cd2＋的吸附热力学。并且硅藻土对这四种重金属离子的吸附均为吸热反应。     

绿色招商项目遴选决策系统的开发及应用

引入绿色度作为招商项目优劣的评价标准,在构建招商项目绿色度评价指标体系及其评价模型的基础上,开发出绿色招商项目遴选决策系统程序,并应用于某工业园区的招商决策.该系统可作为绿色招商决策的辅助工具,具有一定的应用价值与推广前景.