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排序方式: 共有90条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
81.
Zhenghong Tang Samuel D. Brody Courtney Quinn Liang Chang Ting Wei 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2010,53(1):41-62
Climate change is conventionally recognised as a large-scale issue resolved through regional or national policy initiatives. However, little research has been done to directly evaluate local climate change action plans. This study examines 40 recently adopted local climate change action plans in the US and analyses how well they recognise the concepts of climate change and prepare for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The results indicate that local climate change action plans have a high level of ‘awareness’, moderate ‘analysis capabilities’ for climate change, and relatively limited ‘action approaches’ for climate change mitigation. The study also identifies specific factors influencing the quality of these local jurisdictional plans. Finally, it provides policy recommendations to improve planning for climate change at the local level. 相似文献
82.
Rachelle L. Haddock Michael S. Quinn 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(7):1205-1224
This paper describes efforts to bridge the gap between the existing research and proposed recreation access management for public lands in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Recreation access management has been identified as a complex problem and public consultation is one element in addressing the complexity. An Internet-based survey (n = 945) examined the acceptability and desirability of public consultation processes to assist with access management planning. Non-parametric tests indicate significant differences in desirability of public consultation types existed for all variables except gender. Respondents expressed the desire for a diversity of public consultation approaches with a strong preference for face-to-face field visits. Mechanisms for engagement in access management planning should be based on public consultation preferences to ensure broad, on going engagement and subsequent user acceptance and compliance. 相似文献
83.
Sydney M. Collins Jack G. Hendrix Quinn M. R. Webber Sean P. Boyle Katrien A. Kingdon Robert J. Blackmore Kyle J. N. d'Entremont Jennifer Hogg Juan P. Ibáñez Joanie L. Kennah Jessika Lamarre Miguel Mejías Levi Newediuk Cerren Richards Katrina Schwedak Chirathi Wijekulathilake Julie W. Turner 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14021
Consistent individual differences in behavior, commonly termed animal personality, are a widespread phenomenon across taxa that have important consequences for fitness, natural selection, and trophic interactions. Animal personality research may prove useful in several conservation contexts, but which contexts remains to be determined. We conducted a structured literature review of 654 studies identified by combining search terms for animal personality and various conservation subfields. We scored the relevance of personality and conservation issues for each study to identify which studies meaningfully integrated the 2 fields as opposed to surface-level connections or vague allusions. We found a taxonomic bias toward mammals (29% of all studies). Very few amphibian or reptile studies applied personality research to conservation issues (6% each). Climate change (21%), invasive species (15%), and captive breeding and reintroduction (13%) were the most abundant conservation subfields that occurred in our search, though a substantial proportion of these papers weakly integrated conservation and animal personality (climate change 54%, invasive species 51%, captive breeding and reintroduction 40%). Based on our results, we recommend that researchers strive for consistent and broadly applicable terminology when describing consistent behavioral differences to minimize confusion and improve the searchability of research. We identify several gaps in the literature that appear to be promising and fruitful avenues for future research, such as disease transmission as a function of sociability or exploration as a driver of space use in protected areas. Practitioners can begin informing future conservation efforts with knowledge gained from animal personality research. 相似文献
84.
James S. Quinn Glen E. Woolfenden John W. Fitzpatrick Bradley N. White 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(1):1-10
Extensive behavioural and pedigree data on a colour-marked population of Florida scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) suggested that this cooperatively breeding species is monogamous, with extremely rare exceptions in which males have two
mates. We used multi-locus DNA fingerprinting to test these observations by determining genetic parentage. Despite restricted
dispersal and high relatedness between behavioural parents and non-breeding members of the group, DNA fingerprints provided
sufficient variability to determine parentage unambiguously in almost all cases. We found no evidence of extra-pair fertilisation
of females or egg dumping, and confirmed a suspected case of polygyny in which a mother and daughter laid and incubated in
the same nest. Our results confirm that detailed behavioural data allow accurate assignment of genetic parentage in this species.
In Florida scrub-jays, large territory size may limit opportunities for cuckoldry, and persistent intense competition for
limited breeding space may lead to low variance in the quality of established male breeders. These factors would reduce both
the opportunity for, and benefits of engaging in extra-pair fertilisations. Delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding in
this species have not evolved as avenues for direct reproduction by unpaired individuals.
Received: 25 May 1998 / Accepted after revision: 26 June 1998 相似文献
85.
Robert Johnson John Quinn Lisa Durham Gustavious Williams Albert Robbat 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1997,7(3):81-96
Adaptive sampling and analysis programs (ASAPs) provide a cost-effective alternative to traditional sampling program designs. ASAPs are based on field analytical methods for rapid sample turnaround and field-based decision support for guiding the progress of the sampling program. One common objective of ASAPs is to delineate contamination present in soils, either to support feasibility studies or remedial action designs. An ASAP based on portable gas chromatograph/ mass spectrograph (GC/MS) technologies developed at Tufts University combined with decision support tools created at Argonne National Laboratory was used to delineate explosives contamination in soils at Joliet Army Ammunition Plant, Joliet, Illinois. Tufts' GC/MS technologies provided contaminant-specific identification and quantification with rapid sample turnaround and high sample throughput. Argonne's decision support tools estimated contamination extent, determined the uncertainty associated with those estimates, and indicated where sampling should continue to minimize uncertainty. In the case of Joliet, per sample analytical costs were reduced by 75 percent as compared to the cost of off-site laboratory analyses for explosives. The use of an ASAP resulted in a much more accurate identification and delineation of contaminated areas than a traditional sampling program would have with the same number of samples collected on a regular grid. While targeting explosives contamination in soils at Joliet, the ASAP technologies used in this demonstration have much broader application. 相似文献
86.
This paper examines the relationships between community development, sustainable development and economics. In particular the convergence of thought in the realms of strong sustainability and ecological economics are shown to be consistent with the goals of sustainable community development (SCD). It is argued that in order to truly and effectively practice SCD, an economics of sustainability, best represented by ecological economics, should be incorporated into all facets of SCD work. It is suggested that the application of neoclassical or environmental economics is likely to limit the effectiveness of SCD work. Five practical implications of the necessary relationship between SCD and ecological economics are presented, suggesting that SCD practitioners must: (1) seek interdisciplinarity, (2) understand and endorse limits to growth, (3) adopt and endorse alternative measures of success, (4) seek the economic valuation of natural and social capital and (5) ensure the inclusion of equity in discussions of sustainability. Finally, a practical example of those implications is offered by way of a community economic workbook application. 相似文献
87.
Alan J. Potok Frank H. Quinn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(6):1538-1555
ABSTRACT: A one-dimensional hydraulic transient model has been designed for water resource studies of Lake Ontario and the Upper St. Lawrence River. The model simulates water surface profiles and flows in the St. Lawrence River between Lake Ontario and the Moses-Saunders Power Dam under both open water and ice-covered conditions. Errors in water surface elevations were found to be less than 0.2 feet during quasi-steady conditions on the river. Comparable errors occurred during the ice-covered conditions. A sensitivity analysis found the model to be most sensitive to the roughness coefficients and the flow through the power dam. 相似文献
88.
Purciel M Neckerman KM Lovasi GS Quinn JW Weiss C Bader MD Ewing R Rundle A 《Journal of environmental psychology》2009,29(4):457-466
Studies relating urban design to health have been impeded by the unfeasibility of conducting field observations across large areas and the lack of validated objective measures of urban design. This study describes measures for five dimensions of urban design - imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity - created using public geographic information systems (GIS) data from the US Census and city and state government. GIS measures were validated for a sample of 588 New York City block faces using a well-documented field observation protocol. Correlations between GIS and observed measures ranged from 0.28 to 0.89. Results show valid urban design measures can be constructed from digital sources. 相似文献
89.
All other things being equal, the lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of iteroparous and semelparous individuals should scale
with the number of breeding seasons. Deviations from this relationship may occur for many reasons, including age- or size-related
fecundity or life history trade-offs, which may differ between sexes. We used 19 brood years of DNA parentage analysis in
a small (N = 4–143 year−1) wild, unexploited population of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to compare the LRS of individuals that spawned only once [“one time spawners” (OTS), N = 355 male, 371 female] to those spawning twice [“repeat spawners” (RPS), N = 13 male, 49 female]. Female RPS had nearly twice the LRS of female OTS (1.17 offspring per female vs 0.91 offspring per
female), whereas male RPS had nearly three times the LRS of male OTS (1.54 offspring per male vs 0.57 offspring per male).
Female RPS produced slightly more adult offspring during their second breeding season than their first (0.78 vs 0.82 offspring
per female); however, male RPS produced all of their adult offspring in their second breeding season (0 vs 1.54 offspring
per male). The additional growth in body size of males between breeding seasons may give them an advantage in their second
breeding season, but the lack of offspring produced in their first season suggests a trade-off between survival and future
reproduction that was not expressed in females. 相似文献
90.
Correlations between Human Collecting and Intertidal Mollusc Populations on Rocky Shores 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We tested whether the population structures of intertidal molluscs varied with the activity of human collectors in northern Port Phillip Bay, Victora, Australia. We examined eight sites, two of which had been protected for around 70 years by the area being used as a rifle range with the other six being visited frequently by human. The shores were examined in two different years, and in 1991 we counted humans and recorded their activities. At heavily visited shores, almost half of the people seen were simply walking, while 25% were actively collecting, despite regulations prohibiting the collection of intertidal gastritis. The remaining people were fishing or skydiving. At the protected shores, we observed only one collector and a handful of walkers over more than 20 observation periods, including weekdays, normal weekends, and holiday weekends. In 1989 and 1991, we compared size distributions of seven intertidal species between sites in the two categories. Four mollify species are taken for food and bait; the remaining three served as “controls”. The size distributions and abundance of noncarbonated species (alicized napalm, Leaderless viola, and emization ebonies) did not differ between visited and protected sites in either year, although most species did vary between individual sites. In contrast, three of the four collected species, alicize trampoliners, Austrocochlea constricta, and Nerita atramentosa, were significantly larger at the protected sites, and N. atramentosa was markedly less abundant at heavily visited sites. The fourth collected species, Turbo undulatus, has a distribution extending into the subtidal zone, and it is possible that intertidal populations ate replenished from deeper water. The changes in mean size of molluscs are well within the range reported from South America and South Africa under subsistence fishing, and they demonstrate that at least close to major urban centers, human recreational activities can have substantial effects in developed countries. 相似文献