A bibliometric analysis of biodiesel research during 1991–2015

A bibliometric analysis based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) from the Web of Science was carried out to provide insights into research activities and tendencies of the global biodiesel from 1991 to 2015. The document type and language, characteristics of publication outputs, Web of Science categories, journals, countries, institutions, author keyword and most cited articles were emphasized. The results indicated that annual output of the related scientific articles increased steadily. The top six categories focus on different aspects of biodiesel research. Bioresource Technology and Fuel were the two most frequent journals in the field of biodiesel research. The USA took a leading position and had the highest h-index (108) out of 122 countries/territories, followed by China and Brazil. Finally, author keywords and most cited articles were analyzed, indicating that microalgae, Jatropha curcas, vegetable oil and waste cooking oil are the most general raw materials for biodiesel production.     

铬渣资源化属性及其资源化途径

以山东某铬盐企业生产铬盐产生的铬渣为研究案例,从铬渣化学成分和物相成分的角度出发,结合铬渣各资源化途径的独特要求,探讨铬渣资源化属性与资源化途径的密切关系,拟合出不同性质铬渣的资源化属性,为铬渣找出合理资源化途径提供数据支持,也为其他工业固体废物依据资源属性确定资源化途径最优方式提供借鉴。     

接种比例对酒糟与餐厨垃圾混合厌氧发酵产沼气的影响

采用酒糟与餐厨垃圾作为混合发酵物料,并接种消化污泥进行厌氧干式发酵,比较接种比例(inoculum to substrate ratios,ISRs)(VS质量比)分别为0.5、0.8、1.0、2.0时的甲烷产率和产量、体系VFA、碱度、游离氨等指标。结果表明:接种比例的提高可有效提高甲烷产生速率,缩短发酵周期,减弱较高浓度VFA引起的抑制作用。当ISRs=1.0时产甲烷效果较好,累计产甲烷率为222.58mL/g,VS去除率达83.4%,继续增加接种比例对发酵效果影响不显著。此外,试验中适宜的VFA/碱度值为0.3～1.2,过大或过小都有可能抑制产甲烷过程。     

生物填料塔同步脱氮除硫的研究

本试验针对含硫化物和硝酸盐氮的人工模拟废水,以硫化物为电子供体、硝酸盐为电子受体,采用厌氧生物填料塔进行同步脱氮除硫的实验研究,探讨了该生物填料塔的启动性能及塔内生物膜菌群的生长特性。结果表明:当S/N(摩尔比)为5∶3,初始pH为8.3⁸.5,温度为28℃,进水硫化物负荷为500 g/(m3·d)时,硫和氮的去除率分别达到96.7%和87.5%;厌氧生物填料塔中的优势菌群为脱氮硫杆菌,该菌的适宜生长温度为288.5,温度为28℃,进水硫化物负荷为500 g/(m3·d)时,硫和氮的去除率分别达到96.7%和87.5%;厌氧生物填料塔中的优势菌群为脱氮硫杆菌,该菌的适宜生长温度为28³0℃,pH值范围为630℃,pH值范围为6⁷;且经驯化后该菌种对初始硫化物浓度的耐受能力提高到6257;且经驯化后该菌种对初始硫化物浓度的耐受能力提高到625¹250 g/m3。     

Patterns and dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in food products in China

The health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) to human being should be assessed regularly. To evaluate the contamination levels in various food products in the Chinese market and to assess the dietary exposure of the Chinese population, 11 varieties of food groups totaling 634 samples including beef and mutton, chicken and duck, pork, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products were evaluated. The average concentrations of PCDD/Fs in all groups ranged from 0.291 to 8.468 pg/g whole weight (w.w.). The average toxic equivalency concentrations were from 0.012 pg TEQ/g w.w. for cereal to 0.367 pg TEQ/g fat for marine oil. OCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF were the dominant congeners in foodstuffs. The dietary estimated mean intake for the Chinese rural and urban populations were 0.656 and 0.514 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, respectively, however, the cereal group exposure were higher to the estimate daily intake and contributed 81% for rural and 48% for urban population, followed by fish and seafood which contributed 4% and 16% to the estimate daily intake. The estimated dietary intakes were compared with the toxicological reference values and showed that both rural and urban populations were well below those values.     

Effect of aeration modes on the characteristics of composting emissions and the NH3 removal efficiency by using biotrickling filter

A pilot biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with ZX02 fibrous balls as packing material was tested for the treatment of ammonia (NH₃) released from a composting plant of dairy manure. In order to investigate the effects of three compost aeration modes (mode Co-I, Co-II and In-II) on the NH₃ removal efficiency, a field experiment was continuously carried out for more than eight months. The results demonstrated that under the intermittent aeration mode (In-II), the NH₃ removal efficiency reached 99.2 ± 0.1% when the inlet NH₃ concentration was 7.5-32.3 mg m⁻³ (9.8-42.5 ppmv). The maximum and critical elimination capacity of the biotrickling filter was 22.6 and 4.9 g NH₃ m⁻³ h⁻¹, respectively. The effluent concentration of NH₃ was lower than 1.0 mg m⁻³, which meets the first class discharge standards of GB14554-93. When the concentration of free ammonia in the trickling liquid was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 mg L⁻¹, the nitrification yield was between 47.9% and 103.8%. In addition, the optimum liquid tricking velocity (LTV) of the biotrickling filter was 0.5 m³ m⁻² h⁻¹ for low inlet concentrations and 2.2 m³ m⁻² h⁻¹ for high inlet concentrations. Therefore, the use of the biotrickling filter for the compost under the third aeration mode (In-II) yielded an effective optimum NH₃ removal and reduced the nitrogen loss in the compost.     

混凝-微气泡气浮法处理含藻废水的研究

采用日本菊池环保株式会社生产的新型TCRI-17微气泡气浮装置混凝气浮处理北京某富营养化景观水体的含藻废水,其结果表明,当混凝剂用量分别为PAC 40 mg/L和PAM 2 mg/L,混凝2 min, 气浮2 min时,SS和COD去除率分别达到98.4%和85.7%。与混凝沉降相比,可减少PAC用量1/3,且节省处理时间。由于微小气泡停留时间长,气浮效率高,且有增加水中溶解氧的作用,可促进水体的净化,具有较强的技术优势。     

日本危险废物统计制度的研究

随着社会的变化和技术的进步,日本固体废物的情况也发生了显著的变化,尤其是危险废物的问题,引起社会各界强烈重视.为采取正确合理的危险废物对策,准确地掌握危险废物的产生和处理状况是不可或缺的.文章介绍了日本危险废物统计制度的相关内容,重点阐述了日本危险废物的统计机制和统计数据校验推算方法,并通过对中国与日本危险废物统计制度的比较分析,总结日本危险废物统计制度的经验,提出了完善中国危险废物统计制度的建议.