典型废矿物油中苯系物的污染特性及其再生利用中的迁移转化

分别对6种不同的废矿物油、废矿物油再生中的原料油、半成品油、成品油和废弃物中的苯系物(全称苯及衍生物,简称BTEX)污染特征进行了系统分析.结果表明,6种不同的废矿物油中,苯系物总含量大小为:废机油(3569.8 mg·kg~(-1))废淬火油(531.9 mg·kg~(-1))废铸造用油(314.8 mg·kg~(-1))废防锈油(96.5 mg·kg~(-1))废液压油(42.3 mg·kg~(-1))废润滑油(11.7 mg·kg~(-1)),这与苯系物的来源及油品的工作环境有关.再生利用过程中的原料及产品中,苯系物总含量大小为:半成品油(5516.2 mg·kg~(-1))成品油(2692.5 mg·kg~(-1))原料油(756.3mg·kg~(-1)),这与原料油催化裂解过程中新的苯系物的生成,以及半成品油吸附精制过程中部分苯系物被吸附有关.再生过程中产生的废弃物中,苯系物总含量大小为:酸渣(1368.9 mg·kg~(-1))废白土(382.1 mg·kg~(-1))沉淀油渣(145.3 mg·kg~(-1))废吸附沙(121.0 mg·kg~(-1))裂解残渣(25.7 mg·kg~(-1)),这与废矿物油再生处理工艺和方法有关.     

Progress in research and development of particle electrodes for three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of wastewater: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical technology is regarded as a very effective industrial wastewater treatment method as it has high treatment...     

新型聚硅铝镁絮凝剂的研制

以硫酸铝、硫酸镁、水玻璃为原料,采用复合共聚法制备出聚硅酸铝镁絮凝剂(PSAM),研究了金属离子与硅摩尔比(M/Si)、铝、镁离子摩尔比(Al/Mg)、硅含量(nSiO2)、碱化度(B)、熟化时间(H)等因素对PSAM絮凝性能的影响。以实际印染废水为处理对象评价了PSAM的絮凝性能,结果表明PSAM对废水的COD和色度有较好的去除效果,絮凝效果优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)等常规絮凝剂。     

Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in common used mineral oils and their transformation during oil regeneration

The pollution characteristic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in common used mineral oils, semi-refined oils, refined oils and solid wastes produced during the used mineral oil regeneration process was analyzed. The results showed that total PAHs content in six common used mineral oils was as follows: used engine oil used quenching oil used casting oil used hydraulic oil used antirust oil used industrial lubricating oil. Furthermore, this order was dependent on the source of PAHs and oil working temperatures. Additionally, total PAHs content in regenerated oils was as follows: semi-refined oil refined oil crude oil, which was related to the catalytic cracking process of crude oil and adsorption refining process of semi-refined oil. The ranking of total PAHs content in regenerated wastes varied depending on the regeneration technology used as follows: waste adsorption sand acid sludge waste clay precipitation sludge cracked residue. In all types of used mineral oils and regenerated wastes, the maximum and minimum proportions of the total PAHs content were composed of 2–3 ring-PAHs and 5–6 ring-PAHs, respectively. The majority of PAHs in the used mineral oils entered into regenerated wastes during regeneration process, while a small number remained in the regenerated oil.     

黄浦江水域抗生素及抗性基因污染初步研究

采用高效液相色谱-质谱法,调查了黄浦江江水及底泥中6种常见兽用抗生素的含量特征,并采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,分别研究了该水域相应的8种代表性抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotics Resistance Genes,ARGs)的存在及丰度水平。结果显示,调查的四环素类、磺胺类及氯霉素抗生素在江水中的质量浓度范围分别在0.44～2.69、0.97～1.96、0.03～0.26μg·L-1之间,在底泥中的质量分数则分别为22.10～72.74、25.98～117.29、nd～50.47μg·kg-1。所有样品中除tet(O)、tet(B/P)未检出外,其他6种抗性基因均有检出。与四环素类抗性基因相比,磺胺类抗性基因的绝对拷贝数及相对丰度较高,为黄浦江水域中的优势抗性基因。相关性分析表明:江水中sul(Ⅲ)、tet(W),以及底泥中的sul(Ⅱ)丰度与对应相中磺胺类抗生素含量显著正相关,江水中sul(A)则与水相中氯霉素、四环素含量显著相关,其他几种抗生素与抗性基因间未见相关性存在。除抗生素外,黄浦江水域ARGs的相对丰度还可能与抗性基因种类及其环境因素(如光照、温度、pH和重金属等)有关。     

Spillover effect of environmental investment: evidence from panel data at provincial level in China

This paper considers pollution density as a function of environmental investment. The higher environmental investment, the lower pollution density. The lower the pollution density is the higher production technology becomes. This is called the spillover effect. We collected China's panel data at the provincial level from 2005 to 2009, and tested the spillover effect of environmental investment. This paper finds that the environmental investment influenced production technology positively. There is a significant positive relation between government expenditure and spillover effect.     

Production of butanol from biomass: recent advances and future prospects

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - At present, diminishing oil resources and increasing environmental concerns have led to a shift toward the production of alternative biofuels. In the...     

青岛市工业危险废物处理现状分析与评价

自2006年青岛市工业产业结构调整以来,城市经济快速发展与人民生活水平日益提高,商品消费量不断增加,由此导致工业危险废物的产生量与排放量加速增长,且废物种类繁多、性质复杂、产生源数量分布广泛,管理难度大,因而带来了极大的环境安全隐患.在调查和分析2005-2007年青岛市工业危险废物产生现状的基础上,指出:(1)产生量最大危险废物类别为无机氰化物、无机氟化物、含铬废物和染料涂料等4大类;(2)产生量大小排序依次为平度市、莱西市和李沧区.同时,在分析废物产生特性和污染特性的基础上,提出青岛市在工业危险废物管理过程中存在的问题已成为青岛绿色经济发展的严重壁垒.针对工业经济发展规划和废物产生特征,提出了相关的管理对策和建议,对青岛市工业危险废物的有效管理和促进循环经济的发展具有一定的指导意义.     

Effect of humic acids on photodegradation of chloroacetanilide herbicides under UV irradiation

The effects of two humic acids (HAs) of different origins on the photodegradation of the chloroacetanilide herbicides acetochlor, propisochlor and butachlor were investigated in this study. One of the tested HAs was a standard sample that was purchased from a commercial source, and the other was isolated from the black soil of Northeast China. The photolysis of all three herbicides followed pseudo-first-order kinetics under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation conditions, regardless of whether HAs were present or not. Both HAs improved the photolysis rates of acetochlor in a dose-reversed way, whereas they inhibited butachlor degradation under all experimental concentrations. The two HAs differed in their effects on propisochlor photolysis, changing from enhancement to inhibition, depending on the origin and concentration of HAs. Element and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that the isolated HAs had more polysaccharides and less aliphatic groups than the commercial HAs, and it was indicated that some characteristic radicals (C═O, O─H and phenolic hydroxyls) in HAs were involved in the photolysis of the herbicides. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses indicated that the presence of HAs had no effects on the photolysis pathway and photoproduct species of the three herbicides.     

Effect of humic acids on photodegradation of chloroacetanilide herbicides under UV irradiation

The effects of two humic acids (HAs) of different origins on the photodegradation of the chloroacetanilide herbicides acetochlor, propisochlor and butachlor were investigated in this study. One of the tested HAs was a standard sample that was purchased from a commercial source, and the other was isolated from the black soil of Northeast China. The photolysis of all three herbicides followed pseudo-first-order kinetics under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation conditions, regardless of whether HAs were present or not. Both HAs improved the photolysis rates of acetochlor in a dose-reversed way, whereas they inhibited butachlor degradation under all experimental concentrations. The two HAs differed in their effects on propisochlor photolysis, changing from enhancement to inhibition, depending on the origin and concentration of HAs. Element and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that the isolated HAs had more polysaccharides and less aliphatic groups than the commercial HAs, and it was indicated that some characteristic radicals (C=O, O-H and phenolic hydroxyls) in HAs were involved in the photolysis of the herbicides. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses indicated that the presence of HAs had no effects on the photolysis pathway and photoproduct species of the three herbicides.