新型聚硅铝镁絮凝剂的研制

以硫酸铝、硫酸镁、水玻璃为原料,采用复合共聚法制备出聚硅酸铝镁絮凝剂(PSAM),研究了金属离子与硅摩尔比(M/Si)、铝、镁离子摩尔比(Al/Mg)、硅含量(nSiO2)、碱化度(B)、熟化时间(H)等因素对PSAM絮凝性能的影响。以实际印染废水为处理对象评价了PSAM的絮凝性能,结果表明PSAM对废水的COD和色度有较好的去除效果,絮凝效果优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)等常规絮凝剂。     

A review of root exudates and rhizosphere microbiome for crop production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing crop yields and ensuring food security is a major global challenge. In order to increase crop production, chemical fertilizers and...     

Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化联合处理垃圾渗滤液

采用Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化联合工艺处理某固体废弃物处理企业填埋区的垃圾渗滤液,以降低其COD与浊度值,并去除渗滤液中的重金属离子。结果表明:当pH=4~5,铁炭复合材料投加量为30~40 g/L,曝气量为40 L/min,水力停留时间(HRT)为1 h时,微电解方法对垃圾渗滤液中的Ni2+、Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb2+的去除效果较好,其去除率分别达到 96%、97%和96%,垃圾渗滤液色度去除率为92.41%,COD去除率为62.33%,浊度由40.73NTU降至3.09 NTU,COD由579.2 mg/L降至218.16 mg/L。对微电解工艺出水进一步采用Fenton氧化工艺处理,结果表明:当Fe2+浓度为0.007 mol/L,氧化时间为90 min,n(H₂O₂):n(Fe2+)=1.2:1条件下,COD去除率为67.50%,浊度为53.20%,处理后的出水浊度为1.47 NTU、COD为69.49 mg/L,达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的二级排放标准。     

A bibliometric analysis of anaerobic digestion for methane research during the period 1994–2011

This study uses a bibliometric approach in identifying global research trends related to the anaerobic digestion of biomass for methane production using related literature in the Science Citation Index Expanded database, retrieved from the ISI Web of Science. The data used covers the period 1994–2011. The articles acquired from such literature were concentrated on the general analysis by scientific output, the research performances by countries, institutes, and collaborations, and the research trends by the frequency of author keywords, words in title, words in abstract, and ‘KeyWords plus’. The research outputs of anaerobic digestion for methane had notably increased in the field of environmental sciences, biotechnology and applied microbiology, environmental engineering, energy and fuels, and microbiology, while increased slightly in water resources. The USA with most publications and China with the highest growth rate were compared. Finally, author keywords, words in title and ‘KeyWords plus’ were analyzed contrastively, with the recent hotspots provided.     

青岛市公众家电消费观及废弃家电循环利用态度

为全面了解青岛市公众家电消费观及对废弃家电循环利用的认知和态度,采用问卷调查和随机采访的方法分析研究了大量调研数据和系统信息。结果表明,消费者家电消费观比较理性;对绿色家电产品和废弃家电循环利用的了解和认识比较有限,但对废弃家电分类处置却持有积极的态度和行为。大多数居民能主动将其简单分为几类:直接销售给家电回收二手市场或走街串巷的流动商贩、在线网站交易和拍卖、以旧换新交给生产厂家或销售店面、闲置于家中和赠送亲朋好友或农村希望工程。此外,消费者对废弃家电循环利用的认知度与其教育水平直接相关,而对环境和资源保护的行为与其年龄直接相关。     

Simple and rapid determination of dioxin in fish and sea food using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, CBG 2.8D

Food, especially animal origin food is the main source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) for human exposure. So, a simple, rapid and cheap bioassay method is needed for determination of dioxins in food samples. In this study, we used a new highly sensitive reporter cell line to determine the concentration of dioxins in 33 fish and seafood samples. The samples were extracted by shaking with water/isopropanol (1:1 v/v) and hexane and cleaned-up by a multi layered silica gel column and an alumina column, then analyzed using CBG 2.8D cell line. We compared the results obtained from the CBG 2.8D cell assay to those obtained from conventional High-Resolution Gas Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRGC–HRMS) analysis. Good correlations were observed between these two methods (r²=0.93). While the slope of regression line was 1.76, the bioanalytical equivalent (BEQ) values were 1.76 folds higher than WHO-TEQ values and the conversion coefficient was 0.568 (the reciprocal of 1.76). In conclusion, CBG 2.8D cell assay was an applicable method to determine dioxins levels in fish and sea food samples.     

Sludge reduction during brewery wastewater treatment by hydrolyzation-food chain reactor system

During brewery wastewater treatment by a hydrolyzation-food chain reactor (FCR) system, sludge was recycled to the anaerobic segment. With the function of hydrolyzation acidification in the anaerobic segment and the processes of aerobic oxidation and antagonism, predation, interaction and symbiosis among microbes in multilevel oxidation segment, residual sludge could be reduced effectively. The 6-month dynamic experiments show that the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ratio was 92.6% and average sludge production of the aerobic segment was 8.14%, with the COD of the influent at 960–1720 mg/L and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. Since the produced sludge could be recycled and hydrolyzed in the anaerobic segment, no excess sludge was produced during the steady running for this system.     

水银法烧碱工艺遗留盐泥废物的汞污染问题研究

对某化工厂水银法烧碱关停后历史堆存的含汞盐泥的汞污染及其对周围环境介质的影响进行研究.通过对含汞盐泥、废物堆体表层积水、周边排污渠水样、堆场周围的土壤样品中的汞浓度分析,评价汞污染现状.结果表明,盐泥中含汞量高达247.09～390.28 mg/kg,必须尽快采取有效的环境无害化措施进行妥善处理;盐泥堆表层积水中汞质量浓度为0.040 6～0.125 2mg/L,排污渠中水样的汞质量浓度在0.001 1～0.336 5 mg/L,所有水样中总汞浓度都超过了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅳ类标准,堆存场附近的土壤中汞质量浓度为3.42～22.54 mg/kg,远高于《土壤环境质量标准MGB 15618-1995)三级标准.因此,含汞盐泥堆已经对周围环境带来污染,需加强环境监测,并尽快采取有效处理措施,防止污染扩散.     

超滤法预处理L-乳酸发酵液

以白酒酒糟乳酸发酵液为研究对象,采用截留分子量为100 kDa的中空纤维超滤膜（聚偏氟乙烯PVDF膜）去除其中的蛋白质等杂质,为后续电渗析分离提纯L-乳酸提供合格的料液。研究表明,操作压力、温度、pH值和进料速度对蛋白质截留率、乳酸回收率和发酵液的膜通量均有影响;乳酸回收率与蛋白质截留率基本呈负相关关系,是因为被截留的蛋白质等在膜面形成滤饼层,有吸附并截留乳酸的作用。通过单因素实验,确定了在操作压力为20 kPa,温度为27℃,pH为3.9,进料速度为280 mL/min的情况下处理效果最好,蛋白质截留率可达到98.01%,乳酸回收率可达到97.78%,发酵液的膜通量为7.26 L/（m2·h）。     

磷石膏再生利用途径的综合评价

依据层次分析法原理,用经济、环境和资源化3个影响因素建立磷石膏资源化途径优选的递阶层次结构模型。以山东某化工厂生产磷酸产生的磷石膏为研究案例,从磷石膏组成成分与含量分析的角度出发,结合磷石膏各资源化途径的独特要求,探讨磷石膏资源化特性与资源化途径的密切关系,拟合出磷石膏的各种资源化特性,作为结构模型中的资源化因子。然后分别对模型中的3个影响因素进行定性和半定量化处理,最终实现磷石膏资源化途径优选的决策评价,为政府部门和环境管理者提供决策参考。