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41.
Paul Tyler Craig M. Young Emily Dolan Shawn M. Arellano Sandra D. Brooke Maria Baker 《Marine Biology》2007,150(5):829-840
The gametogenic periodicity of the cold seep mussel “Bathymodiolus” childressi was analysed from a time series of samples from depths of ∼ 650 m surrounding the Brine Pool cold seep on the continental
slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Occasional samples were retrieved from Bush Hill and GC 234 for comparison. At the Brine
Pool, both females and males showed strong reproductive periodicity with the initiation of gametogenesis from December to
March, followed by a period of gamete growth or proliferation and spawning from October to February. Gametogenesis was synchronized
at all three sites. Gametogenic periodicity appears to be correlated with surface production that peaks during the winter
months. Downward flux of detritus during this period may provide food for the planktotrophic larvae and also supplementary
nutrition for the adult, which has chemosynthetic bacterial symbionts but is also capable of filter feeding. Individuals in
all three populations carried parasites and these were especially common at Bush Hill and GC234, where it is suggested they
have a major impact on reproductive output. 相似文献
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The infiltration of rainfall into contaminated soils and wastes provides the mechanism whereby hazardous chemical and radionuclide constituents of concern are leached and transported to underlying groundwater and potential human and ecological receptors. The application of engineered covers to reduce rainfall infiltration is an approach that is often selected for the remediation of contaminated sites. Evapotranspiration, or water‐balance, cover designs have been shown to be effective ways of preventing infiltration in arid and semiarid climates. This particular design relies on evaporation and vegetative transpiration to reduce potential infiltration to acceptable levels. In this article, we identify and examine the dominant ecological processes that affect the performance of evapotranspiration cover designs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
44.
Brooke?Erin?CrowleyEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Ian?Castro Voahangy?Soarimalala Steven?M.?Goodman 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2018,105(7-8):44
We applied a multi-isotope approach to examine aspects of niche partitioning, competition, and mobility for rodents in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Specifically, we used carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope ratios in bone to investigate diet and mobility for endemic tufted tail rats (Eliurus spp.), and introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus) within and outside a fragment of montane humid forest in the Ambohitantely Special Reserve. There was a clear spatial segregation in trapping success for different species: Eliurus was only in the forest interior and edge, Mus only outside of the fragment in a marsh and park housing complex, and Rattus in all habitats except the housing complex. We find only moderate support for mobility of rodents among habitats. Mus may routinely move between the marsh and housing complex. However, regular movement between the forest edge and interior, or between the forest fragment and surrounding grassland is not supported. Taxa appear to target different foods: Rattus tends to feed at a higher trophic level than Eliurus, and Mus consumes some C4 resources. To date, strontium isotopes have been underutilized in ecological research. Here, we show that they are highly complementary to carbon and nitrogen isotope data. Even in localities with relatively uniform underlying geology, it may be possible to distinguish individuals that regularly forage in different habitats. 相似文献
45.
Igniting change in local government: lessons learned from a bushfire vulnerability assessment 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
B. L. Preston C. Brooke T. G. Measham T. F. Smith R. Gorddard 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(3):251-283
Local governments and communities have a critical role to play in adapting to climate variability and change. Spatial vulnerability
assessment is one tool that can facilitate engagement between researchers and local stakeholders through the visualisation
of climate vulnerability and the integration of its biophysical and socio-economic determinants. This has been demonstrated
through a case study from Sydney, Australia where a bushfire vulnerability assessment was undertaken as the first-step in
a project to investigate local government perceptions of climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity. A series of relevant
biophysical and socio-economic indicators was identified that represented the region’s exposure, sensitivity and adaptive
capacity with respect to bushfires. These indicators were then combined to develop maps of net landscape vulnerability to
bushfire. When presented in a workshop setting, vulnerability maps were successful in capturing the attention of stakeholders
while simultaneously conveying information regarding the diversity of drivers that can contribute to current and future vulnerability.
However, stakeholders were reluctant to embrace representations of vulnerability that differed from their own understanding
of hazard, necessitating the demonstration of agreement between the vulnerability assessment and more conventional hazard
assessment tools. This validation opened the door for public dissemination of vulnerability maps, the uptake and use of the
assessment in local government risk assessment and adaptation planning, and more focused case-studies on barriers to adaptation. 相似文献
46.
David H. Kingsley Kevin Calci Sheila Holliman Brooke Dancho George Flick 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(3-4):137-140
High pressure inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) within oysters bioaccumulated under simulated natural conditions to levels >105 PFU/oyster has been evaluated. Five minute treatments at 20°C were administered at 350, 375, and 400 MegaPascals (MPa). Shucked and whole-in-shell oysters were directly compared to determine if there were any differences in inactivation levels. For whole-in-shell oysters and shucked oysters, average values obtained were 2.56 and 2.96 log10 inactivation of HAV, respectively, after a 400-MPa treatment. Results indicate that there is no significant inactivation difference (P = 0.05) between inactivation for whole-in-shell oysters as compared to shucked oysters observed for all pressure treatments. This study indicates that commercial high pressure processing applied to whole-in-shell oysters will be capable of inactivating HAV pathogens. 相似文献
47.
Brooke A. Williams James E.M. Watson Hawthorne L. Beyer Carissa J. Klein Jamie Montgomery Rebecca K. Runting Leslie A. Roberson Benjamin S. Halpern Hedley S. Grantham Caitlin D. Kuempel Melanie Frazier Oscar Venter Amelia Wenger 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13874
Management of the land–sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity and the livelihood of billions of people. However, assessments of coastal regions have focused strictly on either the terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding of the overall state of Earth's coastal regions is poor. We integrated the terrestrial human footprint and marine cumulative human impact maps in a global assessment of the anthropogenic pressures affecting coastal regions. Of coastal regions globally, 15.5% had low anthropogenic pressure, mostly in Canada, Russia, and Greenland. Conversely, 47.9% of coastal regions were heavily affected by humanity, and in most countries (84.1%) >50% of their coastal regions were degraded. Nearly half (43.3%) of protected areas across coastal regions were exposed to high human pressures. To meet global sustainability objectives, all nations must undertake greater actions to preserve and restore the coastal regions within their borders. 相似文献