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171.
Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka Małgorzata Kłys-Rachwalska Beata Sacharczuk Anna Boroń-Kaczmarska 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):425-429
We analyzed occupational exposure to potentially infectious body fluids among health care workers (HCWs). Nurses were the most common exposed category of HCWs. In 73.6% cases needle sticks had been the reason of exposure. Recapping a needle was the cause of exposure in 6.9% accidents. Among 189 registered HCWs, 66 (34.9%) performed invasive procedures without any personal protective equipment. Prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs was necessary in 43 (22.8%) cases.As many as 60.3% of exposure incidents to potentially infectious material result from non-compliance with the relevant recommendations. Continuous education and training is critically needed to prevent occupational exposure to blood-borne infections among health care workers. 相似文献
172.
Aerosol concentration and particle size distributions in underground excavations of a hard coal mine
Krystian Skubacz Łukasz Wojtecki Paweł Urban 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):318-327
Deposition of aerosols in the respiratory system depends inter alia on their size and the respiratory tract deposition is appreciable for nanometer-sized particles. This article presents the results of measurements of size distributions of aerosols in the range of several nanometers up to about 20?μm in the underground mine excavations of an active hard coal mine. The study included practically all particles of a respirable fraction. The results showed that a high concentration of fine and ultrafine aerosols occurs in key underground workplaces especially during mining machine operations, although their contribution to total mass concentration is usually negligible. 相似文献
173.
Bolesław Zagalak 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1982,69(2):63-74
A critical review on corrinoid biochemistry and physiology is presented. This includes: chemical synthesis of biologically important organocorrinoids and the correlation between their structures and coenzymatic activity; forms, distribution and transport of physiologically active corrinoids; methylcobalamin- and adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymatic reactions and their physiological functions; and steric course of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymatic rearrangements. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymatic reactions. 相似文献
174.
Maria Nowakowska Monika Sterzel Krzysztof Szczubiałka 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(1):59-64
Novel water-soluble polymeric photosensitizers based on a natural polymer, naphthalene-modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HENC),
were obtained and used for the photooxidation of cyanide. The reaction leads to the formation of cyanate. The process occurs
via photoinduced electron transfer from CN− to the naphthalene or naphthoquinone polymeric chromophores. The kinetics of the reaction depend on the degree of substitution
of HENC, its concentration, and pH of the solution. The polymers can be easily removed after reaction as prolonged irradiation
leads to their photodegradation. 相似文献
175.
Małgorzata Matejko Anthony J. Dore Jane Hall Christopher J. Dore Marek Błaś Maciej Kryza Rognvald Smith David Fowler 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(7):882-896
In the United Kingdom, as with other European countries, land-based emissions of NOx and SO2 have fallen significantly over the last few decades. SO2 emissions fell from a peak of 3185 Gg S in 1970 to 344 Gg S in 2005 and are forecast by business-as-usual emissions scenarios to fall to 172 Gg by 2020. NOx emissions were at a maximum of 951 Gg N in 1970 and fell to 378 by 2005 with a further decrease to 243 Gg N forecast by 2020. These large changes in emissions have not been matched by emissions changes for NH3 which decreased from 315 Gg N in 1990 to 259 in 2005 and are forecast to fall to 222 by 2020. The Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange model (FRAME) has been applied to model the spatial distribution of sulphur and nitrogen deposition over the United Kingdom during a 15-year time period (1990–2005) and compared with measured deposition of sulphate, nitrate and ammonium from the national monitoring network. Wet deposition of nitrogen and sulphur was found to decrease more slowly than the emissions reductions rate. This is attributed to a number of factors including increases in emissions from international shipping and changing rates of atmospheric oxidation. The modelled time series was extended to a 50-year period from 1970 to 2020. The modelled deposition of SOx, NOy and NHx to the UK was found to fall by 87%, 52% and 25% during this period. The percentage area of sensitive habitats in the United Kingdom for which critical loads are exceeded is estimated to fall from 85% in 1970 to 37% in 2020 for acidic deposition and from 73% to 49% for nutrient nitrogen deposition. The significant reduction in land emissions of SO2 and NOx focuses further attention in controlling emissions from international shipping. Future policies to control emissions of ammonia from agriculture will be required to effect further significant reductions in nitrogen deposition. 相似文献
176.
Several factors such as smoking habits, diet, occupational, and environmental exposure to chemical carcinogens influence the overall level of DNA damage. In 69 healthy adult volunteers’ polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST), an enzyme which participates in the metabolism of a broad range of carcinogens and endogenous compounds were determined. The level of DNA damage was assessed by comet assay and classified according to GSTT1/M1 genotype and smoking habits. GSTM1 null genotype was recognized in 48% of studied subjects and GSTT1 null genotype in only two cases (3%). In subjects carrying GSTT1/M1 alleles a significantly lower degree of DNA damage, determined as % DNA in the comet's tail, than in null individuals was noted. However, the results obtained did not indicate that in studied subjects an elevated endogenous level of DNA damage may be significantly related to smoking habits. 相似文献
177.
AbstractThe toxicity of glyphosate at 3.6?mg L?1 to maize seedlings raised from un-treated seeds and the effectiveness of seed pretreatment by soaking in 0.25?mmol L?1 ascorbic acid (AsA) solution for mitigation of toxicity were evaluated in hydroponic culture. Glyphosate dramatically reduced the growth of roots and photosynthetic pigments in the leaves but increased protein content in the leaves. Superoxide dismutase activity and AsA concentration in the roots were increased, and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity was unaffected. Pretreatment with AsA improved the dry mass of the roots and shoots, increased the protein content in roots and leaves, and significantly decreased the activity of GPOX in roots. The positive effect of AsA treatment was not associated with more efficient functioning of the antioxidative system. 相似文献
178.
Kleszcz Krzysztof Karoń Iwona Zagrodzki Paweł Paśko Paweł 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):1801-1809
52 coal ash samples from individual households were analyzed to determine the pH and the concentrations of four toxic elements: arsenic, cadmium, lead and thallium. The method used was atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite-furnace atomization. The ash samples originated from various coal grades and statistical analysis showed existing correlations between the concentrations of studied elements, pH and the coal grades. The maximum concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead and thallium were 50,900, 43,500, 128,900, and 6660 µg/kg, respectively. The results were compared with the published data for the ash of industrial origin.
相似文献179.
Species-specific effect of macrobenthic assemblages on meiobenthos and nematode community structure in shallow sandy sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barbara Urban-Malinga Aleksander Drgas Sławomira Gromisz Natalie Barnes 《Marine Biology》2014,161(1):195-212
Three functionally different macrofaunal species (the filter- and/or surface deposit-feeding polychaete Hediste diversicolor, and the suspension-feeding bivalves Mya arenaria and Cerastoderma glaucum) were introduced as single- and two-species treatments into microcosms containing sandy sediment with a natural meiofaunal community. H. diversicolor is a burrowing species building a system of galleries, C. glaucum lives actively near the sediment surface acting as a biodiffuser and M. arenaria buries deeply and leads a sessile lifestyle. It is shown that H. diversicolor extended the vertical distribution of meiofauna into deeper sediment layers compared to the control and non-Hediste treatments. The response of the nematode community varied significantly among treatments and was dependant on the macrobenthic species composition but not on the species number. Nematode assemblages in all treatments with the polychaete, both in monoculture and with either bivalve, differed significantly from those recorded in other treatments and were more similar than replicates within any other single treatment. H. diversicolor also appeared to have stimulated nematode species diversity. The present study demonstrated that the impact of macrobenthic assemblages on meiofauna is not a simple summation of individual species effects but is species specific. 相似文献
180.
Małgorzata Piecha Mohamed Sarakha Polonca Trebše Drago Kočar 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(2):185-191
In this study, stability of statin drugs in different conditions, such as various pH, diverse solvents ratio, presence of
UV, and sunlight have been investigated. Results suggest strong dependence of statins upon pH, potential environmental persistence
towards sun light, and UV light degradation via singlet excited state obtained by excitation into the π–π* band. In acidic conditions interconversion between lactone and hydroxy acid forms in aqueous solutions at room temperature
is retarded, while for the same sun-exposed samples are accelerated. Longer exposures lead to the degradation processes. Statin
interconversion in water is much lower than in acetonitrile. 相似文献