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111.
Aerosol size distribution and mass concentration measurements in various cities of Pakistan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alam K Blaschke T Madl P Mukhtar A Hussain M Trautmann T Rahman S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(7):1944-1952
During March and April 2010 aerosol inventories from four large cities in Pakistan were assessed in terms of particle size distributions (N), mass (M) concentrations, and particulate matter (PM) concentrations. These M and PM concentrations were obtained for Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar from N concentrations using a native algorithm based on the Grimm model 1.109 dust monitor. The results have confirmed high N, M and PM concentrations in all four cities. They also revealed major contributions to the aerosol concentrations from the re-suspension of road dust, from sea salt aerosols, and from vehicular and industrial emissions. During the study period the 24 hour average PM(10) concentrations for three sites in Karachi were found to be 461 μg m(-3), 270 μg m(-3), and 88 μg m(-3), while the average values for Lahore, Rawalpindi and Peshawar were 198 μg m(-3), 448 μg m(-3), and 540 μg m(-3), respectively. The corresponding 24 hour average PM(2.5) concentrations were 185 μg m(-3), 151 μg m(-3), and 60 μg m(-3) for the three sites in Karachi, and 91 μg m(-3), 140 μg m(-3), and 160 μg m(-3) for Lahore, Rawalpindi and Peshawar, respectively. The low PM(2.5)/PM(10) ratios revealed a high proportion of coarser particles, which are likely to have originated from (a) traffic, (b) other combustion sources, and (c) the re-suspension of road dust. Our calculated 24 hour averaged PM(10) and PM(2.5) concentrations at all sampling points were between 2 and 10 times higher than the maximum PM concentrations recommended by the WHO guidelines. The aerosol samples collected were analyzed for crustal elements (Al, Fe, Si, Mg, Ca) and trace elements (B, Ba, Cr, Cu, K, Na, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Cd, Ti, Zn and Zr). The averaged concentrations for crustal elements ranged from 1.02 ± 0.76 μg m(-3) for Si at the Sea View location in Karachi to 74.96 ± 7.39 μg m(-3) for Ca in Rawalpindi, and averaged concentrations for trace elements varied from 7.0 ± 0.75 ng m(-3) for B from the SUPARCO location in Karachi to 17.84 ± 0.30 μg m(-3) for Na at the M. A. Jinnah Road location, also in Karachi. 相似文献
112.
Umme Salma Zohora Mohammad Shahedur Rahman Abdul Wahab Khan Masahiro Okanami Takashi Ano 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013
To enhance the production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A, nutrient contents of the culture mediums were investigated in both submerged and biofilm fermentations. As a carbon source maltose and as nitrogen source, fish protein was used. In submerged fermentation maltose uptake was found lower (12%) compared to biofilm fermentation (15%) that was associated with higher cellular growth in biofilm. However, requirement of nitrogen (fish protein) concentration was found similar in both submerged and biofilm fermentations. Production of iturin A in submerged fermentation with 12% maltose and 5% fish protein was 4450 mg/L, and in biofilm fermentation it was 5050 mg/L when 15% maltose and 5% fish protein was used. 相似文献
113.
Khairudin Nor Fazila Mohammadi Maedeh Mohamed Abdul Rahman 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29157-29176
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study deals with the development of alumina-supported cobalt (Co/Al2O3) catalysts with remarkable performance in dry reforming of methane (DRM)... 相似文献
114.
Kaur Ishnoor Behl Tapan Aleya Lotfi Rahman Habibur Kumar Arun Arora Sandeep Bulbul Israt Jahan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(30):40515-40532
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The world has never been prepared for global pandemics like the COVID-19, currently posing an immense threat to the public and consistent pressure on... 相似文献
115.
Sarker Aniruddha Islam Tofazzal Rahman Shahinoor Nandi Rakhi Kim Jang-Eok 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(39):54448-54465
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The uncertain fate and transport pathways of applied pesticides are the key hidden threats with respect to the safety and quality evaluation of... 相似文献
116.
Karthika Chenmala Swathy Krishna R Rahman Md. Habibur Akter Rokeya Kaushik Deepak 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):64951-64966
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak began in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and have since spread globally. Deep... 相似文献
117.
Xinquan Zhang A. Senthil Kumar Mustafizur Rahman Chandra Nath Kui Liu 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2012,14(3):378-387
The elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) technique has been found to be a promising technique for ultraprecision machining of various materials. In each overlapping EVC cycle, the thickness of cut (TOC) of work material, and the tool velocity get continuously varied. These two inherent phenomena, in fact, introduce transient characteristics into its cutting mechanics, which are considered to be different from the one applied for conventional cutting technique. Recently, a few theoretical models have been developed to understand the material removal mechanism with the EVC technique; however, in those studies, the transient phenomena were not considered. In the present research, an analytical force model for the orthogonal EVC process was developed in order to fully understand the EVC mechanism, and to more accurately predict the transient cutting force values. Three important factors: (i) transient TOC, (ii) transient shear angle, and (iii) transition characteristic of friction reversal were investigated and analyzed mainly based on geometric modeling and the Lee and Shaffer's slip-line solution. Mathematical evaluation shows that they may have significant influence on EVC process, and thus on its output performance. In order to validate the proposed force model, a series of low-frequency orthogonal EVC tests were conducted. The experimental transient cutting force values were compared with the predicted values calculated using the proposed model, and they are found to be in a good agreement with each other. 相似文献
118.
Murshed Muntasir Rahman Md. Aminur Alam Md Shabbir Ahmad Paiman Dagar Vishal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(36):49967-49988
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental sustainability has become a major concern for policymakers across the globe. In this regard, understanding the factors responsible for... 相似文献
119.
Nadia Adnan Shahrina Mohammad Nordin Imran Rahman Mohammad Hadi Amini 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(22):17955-17975
With the rising concern about climate change, there has been an increased public awareness that has resulted in new government policies to support scientific research for mitigating these problems. Malaysia is among the major energy-intense countries and is under an excessive burden to advance its energy efficiency and to also work towards the reduction of its carbon emission. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to lessen the carbon emission and gasoline consumption in order to alleviate environmental problems. Most of the energy problems linked to the increasing transportation pollution are now being reduced with the solution of the adoption of PHEVs. PHEVs are seen as a solution to cut carbon emission, which prevents environmental damages. Furthermore, PHEVs’ driving range and performance can be comparable to the other hybrid vehicles as well as the conventional IC engines that have gasoline and diesel tanks. Thus, many efforts are being initiated to promote the use of PHEVs as an innovative and affordable transportation system. In order to achieve making the consumers aware of the adoption of PHEVs, we used a model which is based on the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). This review is based on the factors affecting the adoption of PHEVs among Malaysian consumers. The model takes into account the ten key features that influence the adoption of PHEVs, such as environmental concern, personal norm, attitude, vehicle ownership costs, driving range, charging time, intention, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and personal norm. All these constructs are drivers towards the adoption of PHEVs. These factors affect the relationship between the adoption of PHEVs and how consumers intend to protect the environment. This review is based on improving how the “attitude-action” gap is understood as it is an important element for further studies on PHEVs. The aim of the research is to come up with a framework that examines how to modify the consumer’s environmental concerns in acquiring PHEVs. This will pave the way for more academic research and future works that can emphasize how to obtain empirical results. The authors’ recommendation is that, before a consumer’s behavior is assessed and considered, an observation of the current technology is needed with methods and knowledge of the existing technology adoption aspect. 相似文献
120.
Su Teng Ahmad Ishtiaq Qayyum Abdul Yin Weihua Rahman Saeed ur Adeel-Farooq Rana Muhammed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(47):66930-66940
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy consumption is widely regarded as the primary driver of economic development and environmental degradation. The current study examines how... 相似文献