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141.
Fragrance materials are widely present in the environment, such as air, water, and soil. Concerns have been raised due to the increasing utilization and suspected impact on human health. The bioaccumulating property is considered as one of the causes of the toxicity to human beings. The removal of fragrance materials from environmental sinks has not been paid enough attention due to the lack of regulation and research on their toxicity. This paper provides systematic information on how fragrance materials are transferred to the environment, how do they affect human lives, and what is their fate in water, wastewater, wastewater sludge, and soil. 相似文献
142.
Microplastics in the benthic invertebrates from the coastal waters of Kochi,Southeastern Arabian Sea
This study examined microplastic particles present in the benthic invertebrates Sternaspis scutata, Magelona cinta (deposit feeders) and Tellina sp. (suspension feeder) from the surface sediments of off-Kochi, southwest coast of India. The microplastic particles and thread-like fibres detected in these organisms were identified to be polystyrene by using DXR Raman microscope. Examination of the microplastic particle in Sternaspis scutata by epifluorescent microscopy showed fragmentation marks on the surface suggesting that the microplastic particle was degraded/weathered in nature. The study provides preliminary evidence of the presence of microplastics in benthic fauna from the coastal waters of India. However, further studies are required to understand the sources, distribution, fate and toxicity of the different types of microplastics in benthic invertebrates in order to identify any potential threats to higher trophic level organisms. 相似文献
143.
Thomas K. Rudel Birthe Paul Douglas White I. M. Rao Rein Van Der Hoek Aracely Castro Maryline Boval Amy Lerner Laura Schneider Michael Peters 《Ambio》2015,44(7):685-693
The increased use of grain-based feed for livestock during the last two decades has contributed, along with other factors, to a rise in grain prices that has reduced human food security. This circumstance argues for feeding more forages to livestock, particularly in the tropics where many livestock are reared on small farms. Efforts to accomplish this end, referred to as the ‘LivestockPlus’ approach, intensify in sustainable ways the management of grasses, shrubs, trees, and animals. By decoupling the human food and livestock feed systems, these efforts would increase the resilience of the global food system. Effective LivestockPlus approaches take one of two forms: (1) simple improvements such as new forage varieties and animal management practices that spread from farmer to farmer by word of mouth, or (2) complex sets of new practices that integrate forage production more closely into farms’ other agricultural activities and agro-ecologies. 相似文献
144.
145.
Co-present Pb(II) accelerates the oxidation of organic contaminants by permanganate: Role of Pb(III)
Lei Dong Pin Xie Xin Zhang Junlian Qiao Dandan Rao Yuankui Sun Xiaohong Guan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(8):109
146.
Modeling watershed-scale effectiveness of agricultural best management practices to reduce phosphorus loading 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nalini S. Rao Zachary M. Easton Elliot M. Schneiderman Mark S. Zion David R. Lee Tammo S. Steenhuis 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Planners advocate best management practices (BMPs) to reduce loss of sediment and nutrients in agricultural areas. However, the scientific community lacks tools that use readily available data to investigate the relationships between BMPs and their spatial locations and water quality. In rural, humid regions where runoff is associated with saturation-excess processes from variable source areas (VSAs), BMPs are potentially most effective when they are located in areas that produce the majority of the runoff. Thus, two critical elements necessary to predict the water quality impact of BMPs include correct identification of VSAs and accurate predictions of nutrient reduction due to particular BMPs. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of BMPs using the Variable Source Loading Function (VSLF) model, which captures the spatial and temporal evolutions of VSAs in the landscape. Data from a long-term monitoring campaign on a 164-ha farm in the New York City source watersheds in the Catskills Mountains of New York state were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of BMPs. The data spanned an 11-year period over which a suite of BMPs, including a nutrient management plan, riparian buffers, filter strips and fencing, was installed to reduce phosphorus (P) loading. Despite its simplicity, VSLF predicted the spatial distribution of runoff producing areas well. Dissolved P reductions were simulated well by using calibrated reduction factors for various BMPs in the VSLF model. Total P losses decreased only after cattle crossings were installed in the creek. The results demonstrated that BMPs, when sited with respect to VSAs, reduce P loss from agricultural watersheds, providing useful information for targeted water quality management. 相似文献
147.
欧盟绿色壁垒对我国出口产品的影响分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
欧盟绿色壁垒虽然从客观上促使我国加强环境保护、推进可持续发展战略,但也严重限制了我国主要出口产品的对欧贸易。“绿色”外衣下掩盖的是贸易保护的实质。我国惟有努力提高环保标准和管理水平,提高企业和产品的环境竞争力,才能有效突破绿色壁垒,力争贸易与环保双赢。 相似文献
148.
确定卫生防护距离应注意的问题 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
饶示欣 《石油化工环境保护》1999,(4):42-43
本文总结了石化行业卫生防护距离标准编制和环境影响评价工作中的经验,对确定卫生防护距离时应注意的一些问题进行了探讨,并提出了一种新的确定石化装置废气无组织排放量的方法。 相似文献
149.
Pujari PR Padmakar C SuriNaidu L Vaijnath VU Kachawe B Gurunadha Rao VV Labhasetwar PK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2921-2937
The Pithampur Industrial sectors I, II, and III, located approximately, 45 km from Indore in Central India have emerged as
one of the largest industrial clusters in the region. Various types of industries ranging from automobiles to chemicals and
pharmaceuticals have been set up in the region since 1990. Most of the industries have effluent treatment plants (ETP) for
treating wastewater before its disposal on land and/or in water body. The present study is an attempt to assess the groundwater
quality in the watersheds surrounding these industrial sectors to develop the baseline groundwater quality in order to enable
the policy makers to facilitate decisions on the development of industries in this region. The industries are located in two
sub-watersheds, namely, Gambhir river sub-watershed and Chambal river sub-watershed. Geologically, the study area is located
in the Deccan traps of Cretaceous to Paleocene age. The different basaltic flow units underlie clayey soils varying in thickness
from 2–3 m. The aquifer is mostly of unconfined nature. Samples have been collected from a network of observation wells set
up in the watersheds. The water quality analysis of the groundwater samples has been carried out six times during three hydrological
cycles of 2004, 2005, and 2006. The results indicate that a few observation wells in the vicinity of the industrial clusters
have very high TDS concentration and exceed the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) guideline for TDS concentration. The contamination
of groundwater has been more severe in the Gambhir watershed as compared to the Chambal watershed. The presence of the impermeable
clay layers has resulted in a slow migration of contaminants from the sources. The findings reveal that there is no significant
groundwater contamination in the Pithampur industrial sectors except in the vicinity of the industrial clusters, which indicates
that there is good environmental space available for the expansion of industrial units in the Pithampur industrial hub. 相似文献
150.
Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis Hector R. Fuentes Rao K Gadipudi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(2):317-331
ABSTRACT: Agricultural and urban activities in the West Wellfield Interim Protection Area (WWIPA), located in West Dade County in South Florida, have the potential to impact both the environmentally sensitive Everglades and the Biscayne Aquifer. The Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) is used to simulate surface runoff, ground water recharge, and transport of sediments, nutrients, and pesticides in the WWIPA, as a basis to quantify impacts and evaluate alternatives. Presented are four model test runs that consider current conditions, the effect of future urbanization of the agricultural land, as well as two preventive actions to minimize pollution levels. Preventive actions include application of minimum required rates of fertilizers and replacement of fertilizers by sewage sludge. Model results show that under current practices, sediments, nutrients, and pesticides are present in surface runoff and nutrients enter the ground water, and that both urbanization and preventive actions result in pollutant reductions. 相似文献