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排序方式: 共有280条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Kamran Moradkhani Laurence Cuisset Pierre Boisseau Olivier Pichon Marine Lebrun Houda Hamdi-Rozé Marie-Laure Maurin Nicolas Gruchy Marie-Christine Manca-Pellissier Perrine Malzac Frédéric Bilan Marie-Pierre Audrezet Pascale Saugier-Veber Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem Chantal Missirian Paul Kuentz Gregory Egea Agnès Guichet Isabelle Creveaux Caroline Janel Ines Harzallah Renaud Touraine Carole Goumy Nicole Joyé Jacques Puechberty Emmanuelle Haquet Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud Sébastien Schmitt Philippe Gosset Bénédicte Duban-Bedu Bruno Delobel Philippe Vago François Vialard Denise Molina Gomes Jean-Pierre Siffroi Jean-Paul Bonnefont Jean-Michel Dupont Philippe Jonveaux Martine Doco-Fenzy Damien Sanlaville Cédric Le Caignec 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):986-992
62.
Sebastien Humbert Yves Loerincik Vincent Rossi Manuele Margni Olivier Jolliet 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(15):1351-1358
This paper aims to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with spray dried soluble coffee over its entire life cycle and compare it with drip filter coffee and capsule espresso coffee. It particularly aims to identify critical environmental issues and responsibilities along the whole life cycle chain of spray dried coffee. This life cycle assessment (LCA) specifically uses foreground data obtained directly from coffee manufacturers and suppliers. Aside from energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions, water footprint is also studied in detail, including regionalization of water impacts based on the ecological scarcity method 2006. Other impact categories are screened using the IMPACT 2002+ impact assessment method.The overall LCA results for a 1 dl cup of spray dried soluble coffee amounts approximately to 1 MJ of primary non-renewable energy consumption, to emissions of 0.07 kg of CO2-eq, and between 3 and 10 l of non-turbined water use, depending on whether or not the coffee cultivation is irrigated and wet treated. When considering turbined water, use can be up to 400 l of water per cup. Pouch – and to a lesser extent metal can packaging alternatives – show lower environmental burdens than glass or sticks.On average, about one half of the environmental footprint occurs at a life cycle stage under the control of the coffee producer or its suppliers (i.e., during cultivation, treatment, processing, packaging up to distribution, along with advertising) and the other half at a stage controlled by the user (shopping, appliances manufacturing, use and waste disposal). Key environmental parameters of spray dried soluble coffee are the amount of extra water boiled and the efficiency of cup cleaning during use phase, whether the coffee is irrigated or not, as well as the type and amount of fertilizer used in the coffee field. The packaging contributes to 10% of the overall life cycle impacts.Compared to other coffee alternatives, spray dried soluble coffee uses less energy and has a lower environmental footprint than capsule espresso coffee or drip filter coffee, the latter having the highest environmental impacts on a per cup basis. This study shows that a broad LCA approach is needed to help industry to minimize the environmental burdens directly related to their products. Including all processes of the entire system is necessary i) to get a comprehensive environmental footprint of the product system with respect to sustainable production and consumption, ii) to share stakeholders responsibility along the entire product life cycle, and iii) to avoid problem shifting between different life cycle stages. 相似文献
63.
Managing Mediterranean soil resources under global change: expected trends and mitigation strategies
Lagacherie Philippe Álvaro-Fuentes Jorge Annabi Mohamed Bernoux Martial Bouarfa Sami Douaoui Abdelkader Grünberger Olivier Hammani Ali Montanarella Luca Mrabet Rachid Sabir Mohammed Raclot Damien 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):663-675
Regional Environmental Change - The soils of the Mediterranean Basin are the products of soil processes that have been governed by a unique convergence of highly differentiated natural and... 相似文献
64.
Delhomme O Millet M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1791-1799
Background
Air samples collected on three different urban sites in East of France (Strasbourg, Besan?on, and Spicheren), from April 2006 to January 2007, were characterized to measure the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the particulate phase (PM10) and to examine their seasonal variation, diurnal variations, and emission sources.Results
The average concentrations of ??PAHs were 12.6, 9.5, and 8.9?ng?m?3 for the Strasbourg, Besan?on, and Spicheren sites, respectively. Strong seasonal variations of individual PAH concentrations were found at the three sampling sites, with higher levels in the winter that gradually decreased to the lowest levels in the summer. The diurnal variations of PAH concentrations in summer presented highest concentrations during the morning (04:00?C10:00) and the evening (16:00?C22:00) times, indicating the important contribution from vehicle emissions, in the three sampling sites. Furthermore, the ratio of BaP/BeP suggests that the photochemical degradation of PAHs can suppress their concentrations in the midday/afternoon (10:00?C16:00), time interval of highest global irradiance. In winter, concentrations of PAH were highest during the evening (16:00?C22:00) time, suggesting that domestic heating can potentially be an important source for particulate PAH, for the three sampling sites.Conclusion
Diagnostic ratios were used to identify potential sources of PAHs. Results showed that vehicle emissions may be the major source of PAHs, especially in summer, with a prevalent contribution of diesel engines rather than gasoline engines at the three sites studied, independently of the seasons. 相似文献65.
Dorothe Ehrich Niels M. Schmidt Gilles Gauthier Ray Alisauskas Anders Angerbjrn Karin Clark Frauke Ecke Nina E. Eide Erik Framstad Jay Frandsen Alastair Franke Olivier Gilg Marie-Andre Giroux Heikki Henttonen Birger Hrnfeldt Rolf A. Ims Gennadiy D. Kataev Sergey P. Kharitonov Siw T. Killengreen Charles J. Krebs Richard B. Lanctot Nicolas Lecomte Irina E. Menyushina Douglas W. Morris Guy Morrisson Lauri Oksanen Tarja Oksanen Johan Olofsson Ivan G. Pokrovsky Igor Yu. Popov Donald Reid James D. Roth Sarah T. Saalfeld Gustaf Samelius Benoit Sittler Sergey M. Sleptsov Paul A. Smith Aleksandr A. Sokolov Natalya A. Sokolova Mikhail Y. Soloviev Diana V. Solovyeva 《Ambio》2020,49(3):786-800
Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective. 相似文献
66.
Jean-Pierre Lechaire Ghislaine Frébourg Françoise Gaill Olivier Gros 《Marine Biology》2008,154(4):693-700
In this study, Codakia orbicularis gill-tissues were cryo-fixed by using high-pressure freezing, a freeze substitution process and finally by cryo-embedding
in Lowicryl. Ultrathin sections were then used for an EFTEM microanalysis. Results show that intracellular bacterial symbionts
contain elemental sulphur in periplasmic vesicles as indicated by conventional TEM. When sulphur is temporarily depleted in
the environment, such structures may act as energy sources for bacterial metabolism. Moreover, sulphate was detected in the
cytoplasm of the bacterial symbionts, suggesting the oxidation of elemental sulphur, located in periplasmic granules, to sulphate
(the final step in sulphur oxidation) by these chemoautotrophic bacteria. To assess the effects of host starvation on the
bacterial sulphur content, adult individuals of C. orbicularis were maintained in starvation for 6 weeks in sterile artificial seawater depleted in sulphur. During starvation, both (1)
the number of bacteria inside the bacteriocytes and (2) the number of periplasmic granules per prokaryotic cell decreased.
The content of the remaining periplasmic granules had been modified to sulphate. This observation suggests that bacterial
gill-endosymbionts used the elemental sulphur in their periplasmic granules as stored substrate for oxidation in order to
produce energy in case of sulphur depletion. 相似文献
67.
Gilles Durrieu Quang-Khoai Pham Anne-Sophie Foltête Valérie Maxime Ion Grama Véronique Le Tilly Hélène Duval Jean-Marie Tricot Chiraz Ben Naceur Olivier Sire 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(7):401
Water quality can be evaluated using biomarkers such as tissular enzymatic activities of endemic species. Measurement of molluscs bivalves activity at high frequency (e.g., valvometry) during a long time period is another way to record the animal behavior and to evaluate perturbations of the water quality in real time. As the pollution affects the activity of oysters, we consider the valves opening and closing velocities to monitor the water quality assessment. We propose to model the huge volume of velocity data collected in the framework of valvometry using a new nonparametric extreme values statistical model. The objective is to estimate the tail probabilities and the extreme quantiles of the distribution of valve closing velocity. The tail of the distribution function of valve closing velocity is modeled by a Pareto distribution with parameter ??t,τ, beyond a threshold τ according to the time t of the experiment. Our modeling approach reveals the dependence between the specific activity of two enzymatic biomarkers (Glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase) and the continuous recording of oyster valve velocity, proving the suitability of this tool for water quality assessment. Thus, valvometry allows in real-time in situ analysis of the bivalves behavior and appears as an effective early warning tool in ecological risk assessment and marine environment monitoring. 相似文献
68.
Olivier Rubin 《Disasters》2020,44(2):239-261
Natural hazards not only have socioeconomic ramifications, they also have political repercussions. This paper takes stock of the fast-growing area of research linking disasters triggered by natural hazards to voting behaviour. It is based on the central tenet of voter retrospection: voters place emphasis on past events when making their selection. The study uncovers a great disparity in analysis of electoral outcomes in the wake of disasters, part of which can be explained by the different methodological choices of authors. However, the unpredictability of voting behaviour in the aftermath of disasters also points to the relevance of introducing an intermediate variable when elucidating voter movements. This variable should capture the prevailing political discourses that surround disasters, as these are likely to shape the dynamics of voter retrospection. The paper demonstrates the analytical relevance of such political discourses by contrasting political dynamics in Denmark and Sweden following the Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004. 相似文献
69.
Alain Dejean Nicolas Labrière Axel Touchard Frédéric Petitclerc Olivier Roux 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(4):323-330
We tested if nesting habits influence ant feeding preferences and predatory behavior in the monophyletic genus Pseudomyrmex (Pseudomyrmecinae) which comprises terrestrial and arboreal species, and, among the latter, plant-ants which are obligate inhabitants of myrmecophytes (i.e., plants sheltering so-called plant-ants in hollow structures). A cafeteria experiment revealed that the diet of ground-nesting Pseudomyrmex consists mostly of prey and that of arboreal species consists mostly of sugary substances, whereas the plant-ants discarded all the food we provided. Workers forage solitarily, detecting prey from a distance thanks to their hypertrophied eyes. Approach is followed by antennal contact, seizure, and the manipulation of the prey to sting it under its thorax (next to the ventral nerve cord). Arboreal species were not more efficient at capturing prey than were ground-nesting species. A large worker size favors prey capture. Workers from ground- and arboreal-nesting species show several uncommon behavioral traits, each known in different ant genera from different subfamilies: leaping abilities, the use of surface tension strengths to transport liquids, short-range recruitment followed by conflicts between nestmates, the consumption of the prey’s hemolymph, and the retrieval of entire prey or pieces of prey after having cut it up. Yet, we never noted group ambushing. We also confirmed that Pseudomyrmex plant-ants live in a kind of food autarky as they feed only on rewards produced by their host myrmecophyte, or on honeydew produced by the hemipterans they attend and possibly on the fungi they cultivate. 相似文献
70.
Solvent toxicity to amphibian embryos and larvae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Organic micropollutants are often damaging for aquatic organisms. Being usually hydrophobic compounds, they are often dissolved in an organic co-solvent which increases their solubility in water. The aim of this study was to study the toxicity of various solvents on embryos (protected or not by jelly coat) and on tadpoles of the common frog (Rana temporaria). Tested solvents were methanol (MeOH), methylene chloride (CH(2)Cl(2)), dimethyl sulfoxyde (DMSO), acetone (Ac) and ethanol (EtOH). Embryos exhibited higher mortality rates than tadpoles. Embryos with jelly were more sensitive to high concentration of solvents than embryos without jelly (except for acetone). According to these results, Ac, DMSO and CH(2)Cl(2) can be used as co-solvents in water to help the dissolution of micropollutants at concentration equal to or lower than 0.001 ml/l for frog embryos, and EtOH, Ac and CH(2)Cl(2) at concentration equal to or lower than 0.01 ml/l for Rana temporaria tadpoles. 相似文献