我国沿海地区港口竞争力综合评价

港口是连接世界生产、分配、交换和消费的中心环节.随着世界经济及国际贸易的快速发展,港口在一国区域经济和对外贸易中的地位日益突出,港口之间竞争日益加剧,因此对港口竞争力的研究意义重大.将熵权法与TOPSIS法相结合,对我国沿海地区的港口竞争力进行综合评价和比较分析.结果表明,广东、浙江、上海、山东港口竞争力普遍较强,辽宁、福建、江苏、天津港口竞争力中等,河北、海南、广西港口竞争力相对较弱,提出了相应的对策建议.     

崇明岛建设中的生态环境保护科技创新

崇明生态岛建设对科技创新的路径选择提出了很高的要求。崇明岛的生态科技创新,在解决资源、能源、环境等一系列与生态系统密切相关的问题中,发挥了重要的支撑和保障作用。在分析崇明生态岛建设过程中科技发展现状的基础上,提出了崇明生态岛建设中,利用科技创新规划生态建设和环境保护的思路：生态城镇的发展进程必须遵循生态学原则,重点发展低碳经济战略,节能减排,发展生态岛环境保护与资源循环利用技术体系。此外,还提出了崇明生态岛在新农村建设过程及生态文明建设中亟待解决的一些问题,进而使科技创新推动崇明岛生态建设的发展,实现人与自然的和谐。     

对氨基苯胂酸的生命周期评价

本文介绍了最常用的有机胂制剂——对氨基苯胂酸的主要用途和污染特征,从生命周期的角度识别并定量评价了其生产、使用和残留过程的环境影响,评价结果表明对氨基苯胂酸在土壤中最终残留的环境骰响占其整个生命周期的99％以上,指出了常规环境影响评价在评价其环境污染上的局限性,据此提出逐步减少或禁止有机胂制剂的生产和使用、并在一些特殊的建设项目环境影响评价中推广生命周期评价的建议。     

煤矿综采放顶煤工作面高浓度粉尘的综合防治

煤矿综采放顶煤工作面开采强度大、产尘尘源多、粉尘浓度高,因而对尘毒的治理难度大。为此,提出了治理的总体思路、防治方案并在几十个煤矿综采放顶煤工作面推广,取得了很好的效果。     

The role of condensed organic matter in the nonlinear sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants by a peat and sediments

This study examines the effect of soil organic matter heterogeneity on equilibrium sorption and desorption of phenanthrene, naphthalene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) by soils and sediments. Two estuary sediments, a Pahokee peat (PP; Euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist), and two subsamples (base- and acid-treated peat [TP] and acid-treated peat [FP]) of the peat were used as the sorbents. The contents of black carbon particles were quantified with a chemical extraction method. Petrographical examinations revealed the presence of the condensed soil and sediment organic matter (SOM) in Pahokee peat. The Freundlich isotherm model in two different forms was used to fit both sorption and desorption data. The results show that the sorption and desorption isotherms are generally nonlinear and that the apparent sorption-desorption hysteresis is present for phenanthrene and TCB. Detailed analysis of sorption data for the tested sorbent-sorbate systems indicates that black carbon is probably responsible for sorption isotherm nonlinearity for the two sediments, whereas the humic substances and kerogen may play the dominant role in nonlinear sorption by the peat. This investigation suggests that the microporosity of SOM is important for the hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) sorption capacity on the peat.     

Auto-adaptive Air Distribution and Structure Optimization of Ejector Burner for Biomass Alcohol Fuels

A plenty of studies on the utilization of biomass alcohol fuels have been conducted, but combustion efficiency and stability of this fuels still need to be improved. Based on biomass alcohol fuels (bio-methanol and bio-ethanol), this paper studied auto-adaptive air distribution characteristics and optimum structure parameters of an ejector burner by numerical simulation method. Also, an experiment was conducted to verify the numerical results. The results show that the mole air entrainment ratio (MAER) keeps almost constant when the ejector fuel nozzle exit locates at the segment between the ejector throat and the suction chamber entrance, but a bigger ratio α would lead to a higher MAER till the α is bigger than 8.5 for bio-methanol and 11.5 for bio-ethanol. The bio-ethanol fuel is more beneficial for air carrying role because of its big molecular weight. Operation pressure (P_w) has a little impact on MAER of the two fuels, but the rise of back pressure (P_b) would lead to rapid decrease of MAER for the two fuels. For the optimum structure burners, the MAER can be maintained at the value of theoretical complete combustion. Its changing rate is less than 2.3% for bio-methanol and 2.5% for bio-ethanol when the burner load changes from 30% to 120%, which is highly consistent with the experimental results. The optimum burner can distribute air supply automatically with the changing of burner load.     

重金属污染重点防控区综合防控模式与政策分析

《"十二五"规划重金属污染综合防治》实施以来,各个防控区域结合各自重金属污染成因与特点,围绕产业结构调整、清洁生产源头控制、污染物末端治理、环境修复整治等综合防控措施,探讨不同的区域综合整治途径和政策,在实践中形成了五种不同类型的区域防控模式。本文分析了五种防控模式的特点,每种模式以一个典型的防控区域为案例,分析了该防控区实施区域综合防控的做法,从而阐释不同防控模式下不同的策略与政策。     

纤维素降解真菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

经过实验分离到一株纤维素降解真菌CD-Q1,通过形态及分子生物学鉴定该真菌为匍匐根霉。该菌能够以滤纸、秸秆和脱酯棉为唯一碳源生长,8 d内可将26.5%的秸秆降解,可将7.5%的滤纸糖化。当以滤纸为唯一碳源时,pH=5条件下,滤纸失重及还原糖产生量最高,45 h内可将3%滤纸降解,生成0.845 mg/ml的还原糖(以葡萄糖计)。该纤维素降解真菌的分离为纤维素糖化及进一步利用提供了较好菌源,为纤维素降解性能的基因改良提供了理想的出发菌株。     

两种抗生素菌渣经SEA-CBS技术处理后的肥料特性

抗生素菌渣的环境无害化利用处置目前已成为行业和政府管理部门亟待解决的难题.为有效实现抗生素菌渣的资源化利用,开展了经SEA-CBS高效复合资源化利用技术制成的吉他霉素和螺旋霉素菌渣有机肥理化特性研究,并分析了未施肥、施加不同比例的商品肥和菌渣有机肥对苦苣生长的影响.结果表明:吉他霉素和螺旋霉素菌渣有机肥的pH分别为6.59和7.92,含水率分别为5.21%和10.60%,抗生素残留均未检出;吉他霉素菌渣有机肥中w（Cr）、w（Pb）和w（As）相对较高,分别为33.40、7.05和1.57 mg/kg,而w（Cd）（0.34 mg/kg）和w（Hg）（低于0.002 mg/kg）相对较低;两种抗生素菌渣有机肥的总养分含量均在5%以上,w（有机质）均大于80%,均符合NY 884—2012《生物有机肥》及NY 525—2012《有机肥料》中的相关限值.植株生长试验研究发现,施加1%和3%的吉他霉素菌渣有机肥时,苦苣的株高、鲜质量和干质量均优于未施肥处理,且株高均大于施入商品肥处理;施加1%螺旋霉素菌渣有机肥下苦苣生长性能优于未施肥情况.研究显示,SEA-CBS技术可有效去除菌渣中残留的抗生素,并实现抗生素菌渣的资源化利用.