酸阻滞技术的研究与应用

本文提出酸阻滞法从废液中分离，回收重金属和酸的新技术工艺，从十多种国产树脂中成功地筛选出两种可作为酸阻滞剂，有较好的分离效果。但洗脱时酸脱尾严重，当选择穿透比在０．６左右时，可以解决酸脱尾现象，使脱尾酸损失由３０％降到７％，而酸的回收率由６０％提高到９０％，采用该工艺对几种废液进行处理，重金属回收液中酸去除率大于９５％，而回用酸中金属去除率大于７０％，该工艺既可回收重金属，同时也可回收酸。     

瀑布沟水电站的主要环境问题

本文简要介绍了瀑布沟水电站的工程情况，工程地区的环境特点，以及兴建该工程带来的主要环境影响，包括自然环境，生物环境和社会环境的影响及其评价结论。     

Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in the Indian marine environment.

Organochlorine pesticide residues in sediment and fish samples collected from the east and west coasts of India are presented. HCH isomers and DDT and its metabolites are the predominantly identified compounds in most of the samples. Despite the higher quantity of consumption, HCH and DDT levels in fish in India were lower than those in temperate countries suggesting a lower accumulation in tropical fish, which could be due to rapid volatilization and degradation of these insecticides in the tropical environment. The predominance of alpha- and beta-HCH reflect the use of technical grade HCH in India. The high temperature in the tropics also enhances the elimination rate of chemicals in fish, as the biological half-lives of semivolatile compounds such as DDT are short at high temperature.     

Holistic correlation of world’s largest social safety net and its outcomes with Sustainable Development Goals

The five largest social safety net (SSN) programmes in the world are being implemented in India, China and Brazil. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is one of these programmes and regarded as the world’s largest SSN. MGNREGA aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural India by providing guaranteed wage employment. The scheme has resulted in the creation of sustainable assets that promote the economic and infrastructure development. More than 33 million assets were built in the process of MGNREGA. These assets were spread out in 262,380 smallest units of administration covering 6887 sub-districts with the participation of more than 250 million human manpower. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) aims to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The 17 goals tackle the root cause of poverty and attempts to make a positive change for both people and planet. Ecological regeneration or rejuvenation during the development of the assets generated numerous tangible and intangible benefits to the community in a sustainable way. MGNREGA, a federal government-sponsored scheme, using a decentralized approach is directly or indirectly helping to achieve all the 17 goals of sustainable development in India. This article takes a holistic approach to correlate and map the concepts and outcomes of MGNREGA programme with SDG. This article emphasises the fact that community-based participation in the planning and development activities at the regional levels will yield benefits to the biosphere, society and economy at the national level.     

酵母双杂交技术构建稀有鮈鲫不同雌激素受体亚型的重组荧光酵母

目前关于环境雌激素(environmental estrogens,EEs)的效应评估大多数是基于人的雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)的离体检测,缺乏EEs对鱼类ER影响的研究。本研究利用酵母双杂交技术构建模式生物稀有鮈鲫不同ER亚型重组荧光双杂交酵母,用以快速检测EEs的雌激素活性并研究不同ER亚型对17β-雌二醇(E_2)敏感度的差异。采用反转录多聚酶链反应法获取稀有鮈鲫ERα、ERβ1和ERβ2的配体结合域(LBD)序列,构建并鉴别诱饵质粒pGBKT7-ERα-LBD、p GBKT7-ERβ1-LBD和pGBKT7-ERβ2-LBD。将诱饵质粒和猎物质粒pGAD424-GRIP1同时转化荧光酵母Y187-Luc,分别构建3株稀有鮈鲫ERα-GRIP1、ERβ1-GRIP1和ERβ2-GRIP1重组荧光双杂交酵母,并考察了E_2、双氢睾酮(DHT)、9-顺维甲酸(9-cis RA)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)和孕酮(PG)对荧光素酶的诱导情况。结果显示:ERα-GRIP1、ERβ1-GRIP1和ERβ2-GRIP1重组荧光双杂交酵母能够专一性地被E_2诱导产生荧光素酶,并存在显著的剂量-效应关系,半数效应浓度(EC_(50))值分别为1.98×10~(-9)、1.77×10~(-10)、和3.52×10~(-10)mol·L~(-1),对E_2的敏感程度排序为:ERβ1-GRIP1>ERβ2-GRIP1>ERα-GRIP1。研究表明,稀有鮈鲫不同ER亚型对E_2的响应具有差异,3株重组荧光双杂交酵母不仅可以应用于快速识别内分泌干扰物中的类雌激素物质,分析稀有鮈鲫不同ER亚型对EEs的敏感性,解析雌激素污染物对稀有鮈鲫的作用机制,评估鱼类接触EEs的潜在风险,以期为水质保障和污染治理提供重要依据。