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11.
Davis Greg B. Rayner John L. Donn Michael J. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):19520-19535
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Can we hope for autonomous (self-contained in situ) sensing of subsurface soil and groundwater pollutants to satisfy relevant regulatory criteria?... 相似文献
12.
Roger Dargaville David Baker Christian Rödenbeck Peter Rayner Philippe Ciais 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(4):769-782
Atmospheric inversions have proven to be useful tools, showing for example the likely existence of a large terrestrial carbon
sink in the northern mid-latitudes. However, as we go to smaller spatial scales the uncertainties in the inversions increase
rapidly, and the task of finding the distribution of the sink between North America, Europe and Asia has been shown to be
very difficult. The uncertainty in the fluxes due to network selection, transport model error and inversion set up tends to
be too high for studying either net annual fluxes or interannual variability on spatial scales such as the North American
Boreal or Eurasian Boreal regions. We discuss the path forward; to couple together the atmospheric inversions with process
based terrestrial carbon models, creating carbon data assimilation systems. Such systems are being developed now and could
prove to be very powerful. The multi-disciplinary nature of the data assimilation system requires information from flux towers,
soil and above ground biomass inventories, remote sensed fields, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate data as well as model development and will need a massive community effort if it will succeed. 相似文献
13.
Investigation of evaporation and biodegradation of fuel spills in Antarctica. I. A chemical approach using GC-FID 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Little effort has been devoted to differentiating between hydrocarbon losses through evaporation and biodegradation in treatability studies of fuel-contaminated Antarctic soils. When natural attenuation is being considered as a treatment option, it is important to be able to identify the mechanism of hydrocarbon loss and demonstrate that rates of degradation are sufficient to prevent off-site migration. Similarly, where complex thermally enhanced bioremediation schemes involve nutrient addition, water management, air stripping and active heating, it is important to appreciate the relative roles of these mechanisms for cost minimisation. Following the loss of hydrocarbons by documenting changes in total petroleum hydrocarbons offers little insight into the relative contribution of evaporation and biodegradation. We present a methodology here that allows identification and quantification of evaporative losses of diesel range organics at a range of temperatures using successively less volatile compounds as fractionation markers. We also present data that supports the general utility of so-called biodegradation indices for tracking biodegradation progress. We are also able to show that at 4 degrees C indigenous Antarctic soil bacteria degrade Special Antarctic Blend fuel components in the following order: naphthalene and methyl-napthalenes, light n-alkanes, then progressively heavier n-alkanes; whereas isoprenoids and the unresolved complex mixture are relatively recalcitrant. 相似文献
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15.
European policy responses to climate change: progress on mainstreaming emissions reduction and adaptation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
16.
Marc?T.?Jolly Miran?W.?Aprahamian Stephen?J.?Hawkins Peter?A.?Henderson Rob?Hillman Niall?O’Maoiléidigh Peter?S.?Maitland Rayner?Piper Martin?J.?GennerEmail author 《Marine Biology》2012,159(3):675-687
Determining the magnitude of homing behaviour within migratory fish species is essential for their conservation and management.
We tested for population genetic structuring in the anadromous alosines, Alosa alosa and A. fallax fallax, to establish fidelity of stocks to spawning grounds in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Considerable genetic differences
were present among populations of both species, suggesting strong fidelity to breeding grounds and compatible with homing
to natal origins. Moreover, the genetic structure of A. fallax fallax showed a clear pattern of isolation-by-distance, consistent with breeding populations exchanging migrants primarily with
neighbouring populations. Spatial genetic differences were on average much greater than temporal differences, indicating relatively
stable genetic structure. Comparing anadromous A. fallax fallax populations to the landlocked Killarney shad subspecies, A. fallax killarnensis (Ireland), demonstrated a long history of separation. These results demonstrating regional stock structure within the British
Isles will inform practical management of stocks and their spawning habitats. 相似文献
17.
Brose U Jonsson T Berlow EL Warren P Banasek-Richter C Bersier LF Blanchard JL Brey T Carpenter SR Blandenier MF Cushing L Dawah HA Dell T Edwards F Harper-Smith S Jacob U Ledger ME Martinez ND Memmott J Mintenbeck K Pinnegar JK Rall BC Rayner TS Reuman DC Ruess L Ulrich W Williams RJ Woodward G Cohen JE 《Ecology》2006,87(10):2411-2417
It has been suggested that differences in body size between consumer and resource species may have important implications for interaction strengths, population dynamics, and eventually food web structure, function, and evolution. Still, the general distribution of consumer-'resource body-size ratios in real ecosystems, and whether they vary systematically among habitats or broad taxonomic groups, is poorly understood. Using a unique global database on consumer and resource body sizes, we show that the mean body-size ratios of aquatic herbivorous and detritivorous consumers are several orders of magnitude larger than those of carnivorous predators. Carnivorous predator-prey body-size ratios vary across different habitats and predator and prey types (invertebrates, ectotherm, and endotherm vertebrates). Predator-prey body-size ratios are on average significantly higher (1) in freshwater habitats than in marine or terrestrial habitats, (2) for vertebrate than for invertebrate predators, and (3) for invertebrate than for ectotherm vertebrate prey. If recent studies that relate body-size ratios to interaction strengths are general, our results suggest that mean consumer-resource interaction strengths may vary systematically across different habitat categories and consumer types. 相似文献
18.
Livingston Glen Allingham David Rayner J. C. W. 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(2):223-239
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Van Valen’s test is usually applied as a two sample test for equality of dispersion for multivariate data. Motivated by a comment of Manly (Van... 相似文献