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81.
Sharma Aaradhya Gunreddy Neha Mulamalla Akshith Reddy Duraisamy Sakthivadivel Sivan Suresh Poongavanam Ganesh Kumar Kumar Balaji 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87019-87067
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The primary objective of the paper is to identify the effective way to enhance the conductive and convective heat transfer of the FPSC. The... 相似文献
82.
Manoj Kumar Pathak Mohammad Fareed Vipin Bihari Mudium Mohan Krishna Reddy Devendra Kumar Patel Neeraj Mathur 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):188-196
In this study, nerve conduction, organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues in blood and cholinesterase activity levels of pesticide sprayers employed in mango plantations at Lucknow, North India, were determined. Fifty-two sprayers from mango plantations who regularly spray mixture of pesticides like organophosphates (OP), OCs, and carbamates were considered as exposed group. Eighteen subjects with similar socio-economic status of exposed group, who do not handle pesticides, were selected as controls. Questionnaire-based interviews related to personal and occupational histories of the study subjects were carried out. Sprayers did not use any personal protective equipment during pesticide handling. The blood-pesticide analyses of sprayers show higher mean values of hexachlorohexane (HCH), γ-HCH, δ-HCH, total HCH, op-DDT compared with the controls. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activites were significantly reduced among sprayers. Risk of motor nerve conduction deficits was observed in sprayers with low AChE activity. Negative correlation of motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits was observed with the duration of exposure and age among sprayers. The study demonstrated that the prolonged exposure to mixture of pesticides, ergonomic factors, decline in cholinesterase activity may lead to nerve conduction dysfunction. The findings suggest the need for controlled use of pesticides in the plantation and indicated the need for training and implementation of hygiene practices like proper usage of personal protective equipments. 相似文献
83.
The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological important tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver, and muscle of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, was studied. Fish were exposed to 1/20th and 1/10th of 96?h LC50 concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, fish were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 21 days in order to study the recovery. Fish were sacrificed at the stipulated periods and gills, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues were used for the estimation of total protein, amino acids, ammonia, urea, glutamine, protease, transaminases, and phosphatases. Total protein, amino acid, and ammonia contents were decreased in all tissues for 28 days and recovery was observed during the recovery period. Urea and glutamine levels were elevated, except in kidneys, and recovered at the end of the recovery period. The activities of protease, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferases, and acid and alkaline phosphatases were elevated in the tissues for 28 days exposure at both concentrations. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration. 相似文献
84.
A. Kishore Kumar P. Kranthi Raju Ch. Pradeep Kumar A. Rama Narsimha Reddy 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):359-366
Occupational exposure is unregulated in developing countries like India, and becoming the most common cause of disease of environmental origin. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposure on plasma lipid profiles, and risk of cardiovascular diseases. A total of 79 human volunteers were included in the study. Control subjects were healthy housewives of Karimnagar, India. Occupationally exposed individuals included different occupational workers like petrol station attendants, battery chargers, drivers, welders, pesticide-exposed workers, painters, and auto mechanics. These subjects were shown to be chronic occupationally-exposed for at least three years, and neither associated with any other chronic pathological conditions like hypertension or diabetes, nor under any medication other than analgesics during the month preceding the study. Subjects with excessive high or low caloric intake were excluded from the study. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), VLDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol, and TC/HDL ratio in these subjects were significantly higher than those in control subjects, whereas HDL cholesterol was not markedly affected. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and other anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI), body fat index (BFI), body surface area (BSA)) were not significantly different between groups. Data suggest that chronic occupational exposure increases plasma lipid levels and is thereby associated with cardiovascular complications. 相似文献
85.
Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati Yoshiharu Mitoma Tetsuji Okuda Shogo Sakita Mitsunori Kakeda 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(2):201-207
This report shows that cesium can be immobilized in soils with an efficiency of 96.4% by ball milling with nano-metallic Ca/PO4. In Japan, the major concern on 137Cs deposition and soil contamination due to the emission from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant showed up after a
massive quake on March 11, 2011. The accident rated 7, the highest possible on the international nuclear event scale, released
160 petabecquerels (PBq) of iodine 131I and 15 PBq of 137Cs according to the Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency. Both 137Cs and 131I radioactive nuclides are increasing cancer risk. Nonetheless, 137Cs, with a half-life of about 30 years compared with 8 days for 131I, is a major threat for agriculture and stock farming and, in turn, human life for decades. Therefore, in Japan, the 137Cs fixation and immobilization in contaminated soil is the most important problem, which should be solved by suitable technologies.
Ball milling treatment is a promising treatment for the remediation of cesium-contaminated soil in dry conditions. Here, we
studied the effect, factors and mechanisms of soil Cs immobilization by ball milling with the addition of nano-metallic Ca/CaO/NaH2PO4, termed “nano-metallic Ca/PO4.” We used scanning electron microscopy combined with electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction. Results
show that immobilization efficiency increases from 56.4% in the absence of treatment to 89.9, 91.5, and 97.7 when the soil
is ball-milled for 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively. The addition of nano-metallic Ca/PO4 increased the immobilization efficiency to about 96.4% and decreased the ball milling time. SEM/EDS analysis allows us to
observe that the amount of Cs decreased on soil particle surface. Use of nano-metallic Ca/PO4 over a short milling time also decreases Cs leaching. Therefore, ball milling with nano-metallic Ca/PO4 treatment may be potentially applicable for the remediation of radioactive Cs-contaminated soil in dry conditions. 相似文献
86.
Satish Kumar Nandigama Reddy Marri Sameer Bheeram Vema Reddy Mukkamala Saratchandra Babu Raju Chowhan L. Chandrasekhara Rao L. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):455-464
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Developing environmentally benign synthetic protocols such as reaction in water is a major challenge. However, many of the known methods carried out in an... 相似文献
87.
Coalbed natural gas (CBNG)-produced water contains small amounts of trace metals that can accumulate over time in produced water retention ponds. Within the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming, high concentrations of trace metals in pond water and their effect on shallow groundwater are potential concerns. A pond with a maximum As concentration of 146 microg L(-1) was studied in detail to determine the potential for groundwater pollution and to explain the cause for the high concentration of As. Infiltration characteristics, subsurface hydrology, our fall and pond water quality, isotope signatures, and trace metal balances were examined to assess the hydrology and geochemistry of the pond. The results indicated minimum or no infiltration of pond water and no measurable contamination of the shallow groundwater. The high As concentrations in the pond were determined to be the result of semi-continuous inputs of CBNG-produced water with low As concentrations (0.20-0.48 microg L(-1)), exasperated by low pond volumes during drought conditions. Because of reduced infiltration and high evaporation rates, As became concentrated over time. Reduced infiltration was most likely caused by the high sodium concentration and high sodium adsorption ratio of the CBNG-produced water, which disrupt soil structure. The findings for the pond and the techniques used may serve as a template for future impact assessments of other CBNG-produced water ponds and are relevant for the approximately 4000 ponds currently permitted in the PRB and for future ponds. Further studies are recommended in the use of playa landforms to store marginal-quality produced water. 相似文献
88.
Surface ozonation of polyvinyl chloride for its separation from waste plastic mixture by froth floatation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mallampati Srinivasa Reddy Tetsuji Okuda Keisuke Kurose Tsung-Yueh Tsai Satoshi Nakai Wataru Nishijima Mitsumasa Okada 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(4):326-331
Selective surface modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by ozonation was evaluated to facilitate the separation of PVC
from other heavy plastics with almost the same density as PVC, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), by the froth flotation
process. The optimum froth flotation conditions were investigated, and it was found that at 40°C, 90% of PVC and PET plastics
floated. The bubble size became larger and the area covered with bubbles on the plastic surface was reduced with increasing
temperature. Optimum PVC separation was achieved with the flotation solution at 40°C and mixing at 180–200 rpm, even for sheet
samples 10 mm in size. Combined treatment by ozonation and froth flotation is a simple, effective, and inexpensive method
for PVC separation from waste plastics. 相似文献
89.
Reddy M Moodley R Jonnalagadda SB 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(6):529-537
Interest in vegetable oil extracted from idioblast cells of avocado fruit is growing. In this study, five extraction methods to produce avocado oil have been compared: traditional solvent extraction using a Soxhlet or ultrasound, Soxhlet extraction combined with microwave or ultra-turrax treatment and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Traditional Soxhlet extraction produced the most reproducible results, 64.76 ± 0.24 g oil/100 g dry weight (DW) and 63.67 ± 0.20 g oil/100 g DW for Hass and Fuerte varieties, respectively. Microwave extraction gave the highest yield of oil (69.94%) from the Hass variety. Oils from microwave extraction had the highest fatty acid content; oils from SFE had wider range of fatty acids. Oils from Fuerte variety had a higher monounsaturated: saturated FA ratio (3.45-3.70). SFE and microwave extraction produced the best quality oil, better than traditional Soxhlet extraction, with the least amount of oxidizing metals present. 相似文献
90.
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and nutrient status of bermudagrass grown in alkaline bauxite processing residue 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Giridhar Babu A Sudhakara Reddy M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):25-29
A nursery experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in encouraging the vegetation cover on bauxite residue (red mud) sites. An alkali tolerant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) adapted to local conditions were grown in red mud with different amendments with and without AM fungi to assess mycorrhizal effects on plant growth, mineral nutrition, metal uptake and neutralization of bauxite residue. Inoculation of AM fungi significantly increased the plant growth, nutrient uptake and reduced Fe, Al accumulation in plant tissue and also improved the soil physico-chemical and biochemical properties. Gypsum and sludge amended treatments inoculated with AM fungi had maximum biomass, nutrient uptake and reduced accumulation of metals. The neutralization of red mud was significant in presence of AM fungi than control. The experiment provided evidence for the potential use of bermudagrass in combination with AM fungi for ecological restoration of bauxite residue sites. 相似文献