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排序方式: 共有460条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
451.
Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano Ayalkibet Hundesa Byron Calgua Anna Carratala Carlos Maluquer de Motes Marta Rusiñol Vanessa Moresco Ana Paula Ramos Fernando Martínez-Marca Miquel Calvo Celia Regina Monte Barardi Rosina Girones Sílvia Bofill-Mas 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(1):31-41
Shellfish complying with European Regulations based on quantification of fecal bacterial indicators (FIB) are introduced into markets; however, information on viruses, more stable than FIB, is not available in the literature. To assess the presence of noroviruses (NoVs) GI and GII and human adenoviruses (HAdV) in domestic and imported mussels and clams (n = 151) their presence was analyzed during winter seasons (2004–2008) in north-west Spanish markets through a routine surveillance system. All samples tested negative for NoV GI and 13 % were positive for NoV GII. The role of HAdV as viral indicator was evaluated in 20 negative and 10 positive NoV GII samples showing an estimated sensitivity and specificity of HAdV to predict the presence of NoV GII of 100 and 74 % (cut-off 0.5). The levels of HAdV and NoVs and the efficiency of decontamination in shellfish depuration plants (SDP) were evaluated analyzing pre- and post-depurated mussels collected in May–June 2010 from three different SDP. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence and quantification of HAdV between pre- and post-depurated shellfish and between seawater entering and leaving the depuration systems. Moreover, infectious HAdV were detected in depurated mussels. These results confirm previous studies showing that current controls and depuration treatments limiting the number of FIB do not guarantee the absence of viruses in shellfish. 相似文献
452.
Nicola A. Clark Mark Williams Daniel J. Hill Patrick G. Quilty John L. Smellie Jan Zalasiewicz Melanie J. Leng Michael A. Ellis 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(8):699-722
We evaluate the available palaeontological and geochemical proxy data from bivalves, bryozoans, silicoflagellates, diatoms and cetaceans for sea surface temperature (SST) regimes around the nearshore Antarctic coast during the late Neogene. These fossils can be found in a number of shallow marine sedimentary settings from three regions of the Antarctic continent, the northern Antarctic Peninsula, the Prydz Bay region and the western Ross Sea. Many of the proxies suggest maximum spring–summer SSTs that are warmer than present by up to 5 °C, which would result in reduced seasonal sea ice. The evidence suggests that the summers on the Antarctic shelf during the late Neogene experienced most of the warming, while winter SSTs were little changed from present. Feedbacks from changes in summer sea ice cover may have driven much of the late Neogene ocean warming seen in stratigraphic records. Synthesized late Neogene and earliest Quaternary Antarctic shelf proxy data are compared to the multi-model SST estimates of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Experiment 2. Despite the fragmentary geographical and temporal context for the SST data, comparisons between the SST warming in each of the three regions represented in the marine palaeontological record of the Antarctic shelf and the PlioMIP climate simulations show a good concordance. 相似文献
453.
454.
Regina Keller Jason A. Tetro V. Susan Springthorpe Syed A. Sattar 《Food and environmental virology》2010,2(2):97-100
Human noroviral infections are generally more common during winters in temperate regions. This study used a murine norovirus
(MNV) as a human norovirus surrogate to test the effect of water temperature (4 and 25°C) on virus survival and its susceptibility
to the levels of monochloramine (~1.89 ppm) to terminally disinfect municipally treated potable waters. The titre of MNV remained
essentially unchanged for at least 24 h in raw river water at both temperatures. The virus became undetectable in <2 h in
monochloramine-containing samples held at 25°C, but its titre remained virtually unaltered at 4°C (P < 0.05) under the same conditions. These findings strongly suggest that water temperature can influence the norovirucidal
activity of monochloramine and its possible impact on the seasonality of outbreaks of noroviral infections. 相似文献
455.
André Felipe Simões Debora Cynamon Kligerman Emilio Lèbre La Rovere Maria Regina Maroun Martha Barata Martin Obermaier 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(8):801-808
Climate change is one of the main challenges faced by mankind in this century. Although developing countries have little historical responsibility for climate change, they are likely to be most affected by it since they lack resources to cope with or to adapt to its effects. Studies show that the semi-arid northeast region of Brazil – where the country's poorest populations are concentrated – is one of the most vulnerable to climate change and thus likely to suffer its impacts more severely. The present paper addresses these problems by presenting a concrete initiative for strengthening adaptive capacity in the rural community of Pintadas as a first step in the development of a comprehensive methodology to help smallholder farmers in the region adapt to climate change. Based on the project results this paper highlights the integration of development, adaptive capacity and adaptation strategies. Furthermore, the necessity of vulnerability studies and concrete local experiences is highlighted in order to develop adaptation strategies that can alleviate poverty and minimize climate change impacts for the poor. 相似文献
456.
Kristal A. Huggins Kristen J. Navara Mary T. Mendonça Geoffrey E. Hill 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(7):637-644
Carotenoid pigments produce yellow, orange, and red integumentary color displays that can serve as reliable signals of health
and condition. In many birds and fish, individuals gain competitive or mating advantages by ingesting and utilizing large
quantities of carotenoid pigments. Carotenoid pigments serve as antioxidants, performing important functions as free-radical
scavengers. The beneficial effects of carotenoid pigments are well documented, but rarely have researchers considered potential
detrimental effects of high-level accumulation of carotenoids. We maintained American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) on high- or low-carotenoid diets through molt and tested for damage to the liver and skeletal muscle. High intake of carotenoids
had no measurable effect on liver enzymes but caused an increase in creatine kinase, an indicator of skeletal muscle breakdown,
and a reduction in vertical flight performance, a measure of skeletal muscle integrity. The detrimental effects of high-level
carotenoid accumulation were approximately equivalent to the negative effects of removing carotenoids from the diet. The adverse
effects observed in this study have important implications for theories of the function and evolution of colorful plumage. 相似文献
457.
Living in a “stethoscope”: burrow-acoustics promote auditory specializations in subterranean rodents
Subterranean mammals rely to a great extent on audition for communication and to be alerted to danger. The only hitherto published
report on burrow acoustics revealed that in tunnels of blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi), airborne sounds of 440 Hz propagated best whereas lower and higher frequencies were effectively attenuated. Morpho-functional
analyses classify the ear of subterranean mammals as a low-sensitivity and low-frequency device. Concordantly, hearing is
characterized by low sensitivity and a restricted frequency range tuned to low frequencies (0.5–4 kHz). Some authors considered
the restricted hearing in subterranean mammals vestigial and degenerate due to under-stimulation. In contrast to this view
stand a rich (mostly low-frequency) vocal repertoire and progressive structural specializations of the middle and inner ear.
Thus, other authors considered these hearing characteristics adaptive. To test the hypothesis that acoustical environment
in burrows of different species of subterranean mammals is similar, we measured sound attenuation in burrows of Fukomys mole-rats (formerly known as Cryptomys, cf. Kock et al. 2006) of two differently sized species at different locations in Zambia. We show that in these burrows, low-frequency sounds (200–800 Hz)
are not only least attenuated but also their amplitude may be amplified like in a stethoscope (up to two times over 1 m).
We suggest that hearing sensitivity has decreased during evolution of subterranean mammals to avoid over-stimulation of the
ear in their natural environment.
We dedicate this work to Mathias Kawalika, who died in March 2006. 相似文献
458.
Kristiina Karhu Tuomas Mattila Irina Bergström Kristiina Regina 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,140(1-2):309-313
Biochar addition to agricultural soil has been suggested to mitigate climate change through increased biogenic carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. We measured the fluxes of N2O, CO2, and CH4 after adding 9 t ha?1 biochar on an agricultural soil in Southern Finland in May 2009. We conducted these measurements twice a week for 1.5 months, between sowing and canopy closure, to capture the period of highest N2O emissions, where the potential for mitigation would also be highest. Biochar addition increased CH4 uptake (96% increase in the average cumulative CH4 uptake), but no statistically significant differences were observed in the CO2 and N2O emissions between the biochar amended and control plots. Added biochar increased soil water holding capacity by 11%. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this may help balance fluctuations in water availability to plants in the future climate with more frequent drought periods. 相似文献
459.
Zsolt Molnár Regina Pálföldi Anna László Marianna Radács Krisztián Sepp Péter Hausinger László Tiszlavicz Zsuzsanna Valkusz Márta Gálfi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(8):165-170
Many environmental chemicals and pesticides have been found to alter neuroendocrine communication in exposed biological objects. The environmental loads have primary and secondary effects that can alter the homeostatic regulation potential. Since it is difficult to avoid human exposition, a potentially important area of research to develop in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In this context, the primary aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of chlorobenzenes on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) release. In our experimental study, male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/b.w. (body weight) kg of 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene (ClB) mix via gastric tube for 30, 60 or 90 days. At the endpoints of the experiment blood samples were taken and animals were decapitated. Primary, monolayer adenohypophysis cell cultures were prepared by enzymatic and mechanical digestion. The ACTH hormone content in serum and supernatant media was measured by immuno-chemiluminescence assay. The Mg2 +-dependent ATPase activity was determined by modified method of Martin and Dotty. Significant differences were detected in the hormone release between the control and treated groups. The hormone release was enhanced characteristically in exposed groups depending upon the dose and duration of exposure. The Mg2 +-ATPase activity enhanced after chronic and subtoxic ClB exposition. Light microscopy revealed that the adenohypophysis seemed to be more abundant. Results indicate that Wistar rats exposed to subtoxic ClB have direct and indirect effects on hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis. 相似文献
460.
Amaral Rafaela Cristina Rohden Abrahão Bernardo Garcez Mônica Regina Andrade Jairo José de Oliveira 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2439-2454
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Wood biomass fly ash can contribute to a more sustainable urban infrastructure, but requires efficient recycling strategies. This paper... 相似文献