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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Miagostovich Marize Pereira Rocha Mônica Simões dos Reis Fabiane Bertoni Sampaio Marcelo Santos de Saldanha da Gama Gracie Carrijo Renata Malta Fabio Correia Rodrigues Janaína Genuino Amanda Ribeiro da Silva Assis Matheus Fumian Tulio Machado Barrocas Paulo Rubens Guimarães 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(2):130-136
Food and Environmental Virology - The availability of drinking water is one of the main determinants of quality of life, disease prevention and the promotion of health. Viruses are important agents... 相似文献
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Oguzhan Kahya Bulent Bayram Selcuk Reis 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,160(1-4):431-438
The main objective of this study is to generate a knowledge base which is composed of user-defined variables and included raster imagery, vector coverage, spatial models, external programs, and simple scalars and to develop an expert classification using Landsat 7 (ETM+) imagery for land cover classification in a part of Trabzon city. Expert systems allow for the integration of remote-sensed data with other sources of geo-referenced information such as land use data, spatial texture, and digital elevation model to obtain greater classification accuracy. Logical decision rules are used with the various datasets to assign class values for each pixel. Expert system is very suitable for the work of image interpretation as a powerful means of information integration. Landsat ETM data acquired in the year 2000 were initially classified into seven classes for land cover using a maximum likelihood decision rule. An expert system was constructed to perform post-classification sorting of the initial land cover classification using additional spatial datasets such as land use data. The overall accuracy of expert classification was 95.80%. Individual class accuracy ranged from 75% to 100% for each class. 相似文献
24.
C. Alves P.M.C. Ferrão A.J. Silva L.G. Reis M. Freitas L.B. Rodrigues D.E. Alves 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(4):313-327
Nowadays, the world faces unprecedented challenges in social, environmental and economical dimensions, in which the industrial design has showed an important contribution with solutions that provide positive answers regarding these problems. In particular, due to its relevance, the automotive industry confronts a moment of crises, and based on the ecodesign of products it has been transforming the challenges in opportunities. In this context, the use of natural fiber composites, produced in developing countries, have presented several social, environmental and economical advantages to design “green” automotive components. Thus, this work through LCA method demonstrates the possibility to use natural fibers through a case study design which investigates the environmental improvements related to the replacement of glass fibers for natural jute fibers, to produce a structural frontal bonnet of an off-road vehicle (Buggy). Results pointed out the advantages of applying jute fiber composites in Buggy enclosures. 相似文献
25.
The process modelling of shape casting is geometrically complex and computationally very challenging. Besides the three-dimensional complex shapes with multiple domains, the defects of interest to industry arise as a consequence of the interaction amongst a range of phenomena. Conventionally, the key phenomena and defect prediction are modelled through empirical relations applied to the simulation results. Such approaches are neither comprehensive nor reliable. This paper presents a 3-D model that is capable of predicting the formation of shrinkage defects explicitly as a function of the interacting continuum phenomena, i.e. free surface flow, heat transfer, and solidification, in complex three-dimensional geometries which allows to identify the distinction between surface depression, surface connected cavities and internal cavities.The model solves the coupled macroscopic conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy with a phase change during solidification. In the model, the volume deficit due to solidification can either be compensated by depression of the outside surface or by creating a cavity that initiates either on the surface or in the interior of the casting. The solidification morphology is taken into account by using a parameter, which depends on the fraction solid, in the momentum equation. By using an adapted free surface algorithm, it is suitable to predict surface connected defects: depressed surfaces and caved surfaces. A critical pressure serves as a criterion to open internal shrinkage cavities. The model does not need to search for connected zones to feed shrinkage, but the shrinkage distribution will automatically emerge from the continuity equation.This advanced shrinkage model has experimentally been validated successfully using two Al-Si alloys, a skin freezing eutectic alloy and a mushy freezing hypo-eutectic alloy. 相似文献
26.
Pimenteira CA Pereira AS Oliveira LB Rosa LP Reis MM Henriques RM 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2004,24(9):889-897
The present paper aims to make the energy saving potential provided by waste recycling in Brazil evident by pointing out more specifically the benefits regarding climate change mitigation. In this case, based on the energy saved due to the recycling process of an exogenous amount of waste, we have built two scenarios in order to show the potential for indirectly avoiding CO2 emissions in the country as a result of the recycling process. According to the scenario, 1 Mt and 3.5 Mt of CO2, respectively, would be avoided per year due to solid waste recycling. The international context for greenhouse gas emissions reduction, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol has been taken into account. 相似文献
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28.
Hg transfer from contaminated soils to plants and animals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. M. Rodrigues B. Henriques A. T. Reis A. C. Duarte E. Pereira P. F. A. M. R?mkens 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(1):61-67
Understanding the transfer of mercury (Hg) from soil to crops is crucial due to Hg toxicity and Hg occurrence in terrestrial
systems. Previous research has shown that available Hg in soils contributes to plant Hg levels. Plant Hg concentrations are
related to soil conditions and plant characteristics. Mechanistic models describing such soil–plant interactions are however
difficult to quantify. Here we performed a field study in agricultural, mining and industrial areas in Portugal to evaluate
potential food chain risks. The uptake of Hg by Italian ryegrass, ryegrass, orchard grass, collard greens and rye was measured
to calculate daily intakes (DI) of Hg for cows and sheep grazing. A total of 136 soil samples and 129 plant samples were analysed.
Results show that total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 98 mg kg−1 in soils; 0.01–5.4 mg kg−1 in shoots and 0.01–42 mg kg−1 in roots. Calculated DI ranged from 0.18 to 132 mg d−1 for cows, and from 0.028 to 23 mg d−1 for sheep. In 27 grassland sites, daily intakes exceeded the acceptable daily intake of both cows and sheep in view of food
safety considering Hg in animal kidneys evidencing potential risks to human health. The transfer of Hg from soil to crops
was described using empirical Freundlich-type functions. For ryegrass, orchard grass and collard greens, the soil-to-root
or soil-to-shoot transfer of Hg appeared to be controlled by the total soil Hg concentration and levels of Alox and Feox. Empirical functions allowed us to obtain realistic estimates of Hg levels in crops and can be used as an alternative to
mechanistic models when evaluating food chain risks of Hg contamination in agricultural soils. 相似文献
29.
Patinha C Reis AP Dias C Cachada A Adão R Martins H Ferreira da Silva E Sousa AJ 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):213-227
Previous environmental biomonitoring studies indicated higher environmental lead (Pb) pollution levels at the districts of
Aveiro and Leiria (Portugal). In evaluating the risk for human health, which is associated with contaminated soils after oral
uptake, total soil concentrations have generally been held against criteria established from toxicological studies based upon
the assumption that the uptake of the contaminant is similar in the toxicological studies and from the soils assessed. This
assumption is not always valid, as most toxicological studies are carried out with soluble forms of the contaminants, whereas
many soil contaminants are or become embedded in the soil matrix and thus exhibit limited availability. This study intends
to estimate the soluble fraction of Pb in the soils from central Portugal, and to assess the bioaccessibility of Pb and, hence,
infer exposure and risk for human health. Yet, as the physical–chemical properties of the soil exert some control over the
solubility of Pb in the surface environment, the relation between such soil properties and the estimated soluble and/or bioaccessible
fractions of Pb is also investigated. Other objective, with a more practical nature, was to give some contribution to find
a suitable in vitro mimetic of the gastrointestinal tract environment. The results indicate relatively low total metal concentrations
in the soils, even if differences between regions were observed. The Aveiro district has the higher total Pb concentration
and the metal is in more soluble forms, that is, geoavailable. Soils with higher concentrations of soluble Pb show higher
estimates of bioaccessible Pb. Soil pH seems to influence human bioaccessibility of Pb. 相似文献
30.
Diogo Rúben Neves Sara Rodrigues Concei??o Juana Fortes Maria Teresa Reis Jo?o Alfredo Santos Rui Capit?o 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2012,16(4):489-501
This paper describes a first approach on the risk assessment in port navigation using GUIOMAR, an integrated system for port and coastal engineering modelling developed at the National Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC), Portugal, using a GIS software environment. A set of automatic procedures was designed to include a new methodology based on the amplitude of the wave-induced vertical movement of a ship along its trajectory. In this methodology, the risk in port navigation is assessed on the basis of a combination of the probability of exceedance of a pre-set threshold for the ship??s vertical movements and its consequences. To test the new procedures, a set of sea wave records obtained at the Sines wave-buoy from 1988 to 2002 was transferred into Sines Port using two numerical models of sea wave propagation and deformation (SWAN and DREAMS), included in the GUIOMAR system. The numerical model WAMIT was used for estimating the wave-induced ship??s vertical movements inside the port. By applying the new procedures, automatic generation of risk maps was carried out for navigation in the vicinity of the West breakwater of the Port of Sines. The recent developments contribute towards a more versatile and efficient GUIOMAR system, which results in a more adequate tool to support decision-making processes in port and coastal management. 相似文献