江宁开发区污水处理厂二期调试运行

江宁开发区污水处理厂建设规模为4万m^3／d，分两期建成，采用氧化沟处理工艺，污泥处理采用不经消化的带式脱水工艺。在此主要叙述了各工艺构筑物的设备配置、功能、设计参数及二期工程的试运行情况。     

镉铅对小麦醇脱氢酶(ADH)基因表达影响的初步研究

经过镉，铅４５ｈ污染处理，运用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｉｎ斑点杂分析和酶活性测定的方法探测萌发期小麦ＡＤＨ酶基因的表达情况。实验结果表明，ＡＤＨ基因表达在ＲＮＡ和酶活性两个层次均有变化，并且呈现相似的变化趋势，反映得金属的影响是来源于基因转录水平。     

麸皮生物絮团技术在鲢鲤鱼混养鱼塘中的应用

在鲢鲤鱼混养鱼塘内进行增饲麸皮碳源的试验研究,探讨麸皮在常规养殖鱼塘生成生物絮团的效果及对鱼类生长和养殖水体水质的影响。结果显示:增饲麸皮可以显著促进鱼塘生物絮团的生长;与对照鱼塘相比,增饲麸皮的鱼塘鲜鱼产量提高16.32%,其增重率、特定生长率、生长势显著高于对照鱼塘;鲢鱼的生长性能高于鲤鱼,鲤鱼的饲料系数低于对照鱼塘,生物絮团对鲢鱼的促生长作用高于鲤鱼;与对照鱼塘相比,增饲麸皮的鱼塘水体透明度降低、总悬浮物(TSS)浓度上升,NO₂-N、NH₃-N、TN浓度显著降低,养殖水体部分水质指标得到改善。     

Twelve years of assessing the quality of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders

Objective

Genomics Quality Assessment has provided external quality assessments (EQAs) for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for 12 years for eight monogenic diseases to identify sub-optimal PGT strategies, testing and reporting of results, which can be shared with the genomics community to aid optimised standards of PGT services for couples.

Method

The EQAs were provided in two stages to mimic end-to-end protocols. Stage 1 involved DNA feasibility testing of a couple undergoing PGT and affected proband. Participants were required to report genotyping results and outline their embryo testing strategy. Lymphoblasts were distributed for mock embryo testing for stage 2. Submitted clinical reports and haplotyping results were assessed against peer-ratified criteria. Performance was monitored to identify poor performance.

Results

The most common testing methodology was short tandem repeat linkage analysis (59%); however, the adoption of single nucleotide polymorphism-based platforms was observed and a move from blastomere to trophectoderm testing. There was a variation in testing strategies, assigning marker informativity and understanding test limitations, some clinically unsafe. Critical errors were reported for genotyping and interpretation.

Conclusion

EQA provides an overview of the standard of preimplantation genetic testing-M clinical testing and identifies areas of improvement for accurate detection of high-risk embryos.     

飞灰螯合剂中挥发性污染物的释放

采集了4个市售飞灰螯合剂样品,分析其在20,40℃下挥发性污染物的释放规律.结果表明,释放的挥发性污染物主要有甲醛、乙醛、苯、异戊醛/异丙醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇等;其中3个螯合剂样品甲醛的释放浓度在20℃为748~1325 μg/L-螯合剂,占释放的易挥发污染物的68%~96%（质量比）,在40℃为4282~6822 μg/L-螯合剂,占释放的易挥发污染物的87%~95%（质量比）.随着温度升高,释放的挥发性污染物种类变多,部分污染物浓度增加,40℃时,4个螯合剂样品释放的易挥发污染物浓度比20℃时增加了142%~444%.元素分析、拉曼光谱和热重分析结果表明,4个螯合剂的主要有效成分相似,为二硫代氨基甲酸盐类物质.因此,推测这种飞灰螯合剂在稀释和飞灰稳定化过程中,对工作人员的健康可能有潜在的危害风险,应收集释放的气体并进行处理;且在飞灰填埋过程中,可能会导致渗滤液中NH₄⁺-N等物质的浓度升高,增加渗滤液的处理难度.     

农村生活污水处理设施优先控制区域识别与监管策略

选取嘉兴市秀洲区和海宁市为研究对象,以乡镇区划为研究单元,采用综合源强估算法和GIS软件,对处理设施的氨氮（NH₃-N）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）排放强度进行定量估算和空间分析.结果表明,秀洲区处理设施的NH₃-N和COD排放强度高于海宁市,而TP排放强度与海宁市差不多.秀洲区内,洪合镇各污染物的排放强度均最高;海宁市内,盐官镇NH₃-N排放强度最高,许村镇TP和COD排放强度最高.采用因子分析法和加权指数法计算排污权重,再结合生态敏感性评价和环境功能区划,筛选出运维和监管优先控制区.秀洲区内,洪合镇、王江泾镇、油车港镇被划分为优先控制区,该优先控制区内处理设施数量占比27.87%,排污权重占比72.42%,通过重点监管17.66%的设施,可监管秀洲区59.98%的污染物排放.海宁市内,长安镇、许村镇、海洲街道、盐官镇、袁花镇被划分为优先控制区,该优先控制区内设施数量占比69.10%,排污权重占比71.23%,通过重点监管16.85%的设施,可监管海宁市43.54%的污染物排放.研究结果可为提高设施的运维监管效率提供技术支撑.     

Detection of rubella virus in fetal and placental tissues and in the throats of neonates after serologically confirmed rubella in pregnancy

From 35 therapeutic abortions performed because rubella had occurred at 2–19 weeks of pregnancy, 120 fetal organs, 12 specimens of mixed products of conception, and 15 placentae were tested for rubella virus. Virus was isolated from 10 out of 11 fetuses (91 per cent) from women infected at 2–8 weeks, from 5 out of 8 (63 per cent) infected at 9–10 weeks, and from 2 out of 16 (13 per cent) infected at 11–19 weeks. Hybridization tests for viral RNA on 39 fetal organs from eight cases revealed infection in four additional fetuses. Virus was isolated from only 3 out of 15 aborted placentae, but hybridization tests on six placentae revealed infection in three additional specimens. Hybridization was superior to virus isolation for detecting rubella infection in products of conception and is therefore potentially the better method for examining chorionic villus biopsies. Rubella virus was isolated from the throats of 4 out of 9 infants (44 per cent) infected during the first 12 weeks of gestation, but from none of 13 infected after 17 weeks. Infants in the latter group are unlikely to infect susceptible contacts.     

A rare case of de novo structural rearrangement of X chromosome diagnosed by amniocentesis

A dicentric X chromosome was found in a female fetus during cytogenetic studies performed on amniotic cells. Blood samples from the parents showed normal karyotypes and the pregnancy was terminated. The mechanism for the formation of this ‘de novo’ rearrangement is discussed.     

Iniencephaly is not uniformly fatal

Iniencephaly is an uncommon, but not rare, lesion involving a fusion between the posterior occipital bone and the cervical spine. Many cases are associated with other cranio-cervical abnormalities and anencephaly, and most are associated with other structural abnormalities. The prognosis is thought to be dismal. We describe a male infant, one of twins, who was diagnosed prenatally as having iniencephaly. The child was born without complication and has grown and thrived. This is the fourth patient with long-term survival with iniencephaly. We recommend that non-directive counselling be applied when presenting the findings of iniencephaly to parents.