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141.
142.
Mine tailing from the El Teniente-Codelco copper mine situated in VI Region of Chile was analysed in order to evaluate the mobility and speciation of copper in the solid material. Mine tailing was sampled after the rougher flotation circuits, and the copper content was measured to 1150 mg kg (-1) dry matter. This tailing was segmented into fractions of different size intervals: 0-38, 38-45, 45-53, 53-75, 75-106, 106-150, 150-212, and >212 microm, respectively. Copper content determination, sequential chemical extraction, and desorption experiments were carried out for each size interval in order to evaluate the speciation of copper. It was found that the particles of smallest size contained 50-60% weak acid leachable copper, whereas only 32% of the copper found in largest particles could be leached in weak acid. Copper oxides and carbonates were the dominating species in the smaller particles, and the larger particles contained considerable amounts of sulphides. 相似文献
143.
Lassen C Hansen E Jensen AA Olendrzyński K Kołsut W Zurek J Kargulewicz I Debski B Skośkiewicz J Holtzer M Grochowalski A Brante E Poltimae H Kallaste T Kapturauskas J;Danish Cooperation for Environment in Eastern Europe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(1):49-56
The present paper summarises the results of the project: 'Survey of Anthropogenic Sources of Dioxins and Furans in the Baltic Region'. As a part of the project, inventories have been carried out in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland by applying the toolkit for quantification of dioxin and furan releases developed by UNEP Chemicals. The main route of direct releases to the environment is emission to air. Total emission to air from Poland was estimated at 490 (88-1,300) g I-TEQ/year, whereas the emissions from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were estimated as being 14 (2.4-54), 23 (2.6-63) and 17 (2.6-38) g I-TEQ, respectively. In general, the uncertainty on the estimates is very high, and recommendations regarding further development of the inventories have been made, and measures for reducing the releases have been provided. 相似文献
144.
The influence of copper(II)chloride on selected key enzymes and metabolites in intermediary metabolism and the energy charge potential of the hyperregulating shore crab, Carcinus maenas (L.) were investigated. Crabs, collected in Odense Fjord, Denmark between September 1989 and May 1990, were exposed to 10 ppm copper(II)chloride, in 10 ppt salinity seawater at 15°C for up to 1 wk. Hexokinase activity was 77% lower in the posterior gills and 60% lower in the midgut gland than in control crabs. Phosphofructokinase activity was reduced in the midgut gland by 82% but was unaffected in the gills. Pyruvate kinase activity was undetectable in the gills of exposed crabs and reduced by 47% in the midgut gland. Citrate synthase activity was depressed by 30% in the posterior gills and unaffected in other tissues. Copper exposure had no apparent effect on tissue cytochrome c oxidase activity. Chela muscle was the only tissue in which copper exposure did not bring about reductions in the enzyme activities tested. As a result of 1 wk of copper exposure the average lactate level increased by 3.5-fold in haemolymph, 9.3-fold in posterior gills and 6.5-fold in midgut gland. The average glucose level was raised by a factor of 6 in the haemolymph, 3.4 in the posterior gills and 1.2 in the midgut gland. Energy charge potential was at a very high level (ca. 0.9) and was unaffected by copper exposure. 相似文献
145.
Pamela R. Veltkamp Kristen J. Hansen Robert M. Barkley Robert E. Sievers 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1996,18(2):77-80
Various organic compounds in aerosol particles in ambient air near a coniferous forest fire in Boulder, Colorado were identified as molecular markers of wood burning and forest fires. Particle samples were collected by filtering small volumes of air. The samples were analysed using thermal desorption followed by gas chromatographic separation and detection, a highly sensitive analytical method. Several compounds unique to softwood combustion were identified in the samples. Additionally, a predominance of odd-carbon-numbered n-alkanes over the corresponding even-carbon-numbered n-alkanes was observed. This predominance is a well-documented molecular pattern indicative of epicutical waxes in plants. 相似文献
146.
A series of laboratory (short-term exposure in small beakers) studies and a 19 d mesocosm (6 m3 polyethylene bags filled with fjord water) study were conducted on blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, larvae and plantigrades exposed to a concentration gradient of the detergent linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS, 0 to 39 mg l−1). LAS is increasingly found in nearshore environments receiving wastewater from urban treatment plants. The aims were to
observe physiological effects on swimming, grazing and growth in the laboratory and effects on settling and population development
at in situ conditions (in field mesocosms) in order to evaluate the damages on ciliated meroplankton caused by LAS. In the
laboratory the larvae showed a 50% mortality at 3.8 mg LAS l−1 after 96 h exposure whether or not food was provided. Additionally the swimming behaviour was affected at 0.8 mg LAS l−1 (i.e. a more compact swimming track, a smaller diameter of the swimming tracks, and reduced swimming speed). The larval particle
grazing was reduced 50% at 1.4 mg LAS l−1. The specific growth rate of the larvae was reduced to half at 0.82 mg LAS l−1 over 9 d. During the mesocosm experiment, the larval population showed a dramatic decrease in abundance within 2 d at concentrations
as low as 0.08 mg LAS l−1, both due to a significantly increased mortality, but also due to settling. The settling success was reduced at the same
LAS concentration as that at which mortality was observed to increase significantly. In addition to reduced settling rate,
the larvae showed delayed metamorphosis and reduced shell growth as a response to LAS. Our hypothesis that the larval ciliary
apparatus, crucial for normal swimming, orientation, and settling behaviours and for particle uptake, was damaged due to LAS
exposure is supported by our results. This is confirmed by the physiological data (grazing, growth) and in the direct video-based
observations of larval performance (swimming) and provides a reasonable explanation for what was observed in the bags (abundance,
settling, mortality). These physiological effects on blue mussel larvae/plantigrades occurred at LAS concentrations reported
to occur in estuarine waters.
Received: 15 January 1997 / Accepted: 12 February 1997 相似文献
147.
Intensification of agriculture has been proposed as one way of minimizing emissions per unit of product, apparently legitimizing the ongoing structural changes in agriculture. We have investigated the relationship between the farming intensity and the nitrogen (N) dissipation by calculating the overall N emission factor (E: total N surplus per unit of N in the produce) from several studies of dairy farms, covering a wide range of environments and production intensities. Fundamental steps were (1) the distinction between trophic levels, mineral, plant and animal N; and (2) the inclusion of N losses related to bought feed. The results show that E increases significantly with the production intensity of the dairy farm. The tradition for separate optimization of the animal and crop sectors may be a reason. We suggest that the N pollution can be mitigated by more extensive farming, both by re-coupling crop and animal production side by side, and by keeping land under cultivation when production is reduced. 相似文献
148.
Rajiuddin Sheikh Md Vigre Håkan Musavian Hanieh Sadat Kohle Simon Krebs Niels Hansen Tina Beck Gantzer Christophe Schultz Anna Charlotte 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(4):295-309
Food and Environmental Virology - The leading causes of foodborne viral disease outbreaks are human norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Their environmental persistence enables contamination of... 相似文献
149.
150.
M. Hansen 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1928,16(48):1024-1026