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221.
Extended bioremediation of PAH/PCP contaminated soils from the POPILE wood treatment facility 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A study was conducted using two pilot-scale land-treatment units (LTUs) to evaluate the efficacy of different cultivation and maintenance schedules during bioremediation of contaminated soil from a wood treatment facility using landfarming technology. The soil contained high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, approximately 13000 ppm) as well as of pentachlorophenol (PCP, approximately 1500 ppm). An initial 6-month intensive-treatment phase was followed by 24 months of less-intensive treatment. During the first phase, traditional landfarming practice of regular cultivation was compared with a gas-phase composition based cultivation strategy, and both the landfarming units were intensively monitored and maintained with respect to moisture control and delivery of nutrients. The two strategies resulted in similar contaminant concentration profiles with time during this phase, although different microbial populations developed in the two-landfarming units. The second (less-intensive) treatment phase involved no moisture control and nutrient delivery beyond the initial adjustments, and compared natural attenuation (no cultivation) with quarterly cultivation of soil. Both the strategies showed similar behavior again. GC/MS analysis of the soil samples showed PAH removal including four-ring homologues. Leachability tests at zero time and after 6 and 22 months of operation showed significant reductions in leaching of PCP and low molecular weight PAHs. Extended treatment resulted in some leaching of high molecular weight PAHs. Significant biological activity was demonstrated, even at the high contaminant concentrations. Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed an increase in biomass and a divergence in community composition in soils depending on the treatment conducted. 相似文献
222.
Britta Christensen Ph.D. Thue Bryndorf John Philip Claes Lundsteen Winnie Hansen 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(4):241-250
Two biotinylated chromosome-specific DNA probes were used to quantify the number of chromosomes 18 and 1 in uncultured amniocytes. Thirty-three samples of uncultured amniocytes were hybridized with a chromosome 18-specific DNA probe. Uncultured cells from two of the 33 samples were also hybridized with a chromosome 1-specific probe. Thirty of the samples were disomic with respect to chromosome 18; two samples were trisomic with respect to chromosome 18, and one sample was trisomic with respect to chromosomes 1 and 18. The two cases of trisomy 18 and the single case of triploidy were identified on uncultured celis within 48-72 h after amniocentesis. They were found among five samples from pregnant women who had amniocentesis because of an ultrasonographically identified fetal malformation. A trisomic karyotype could be diagnosed with certainty in uncultured amniocytes because the majority of the responding nuclei exhibited three hybridization signals. In normal cells, the majority of nuclei exhibited two signals. In no cases was there discordance between the genotype as predicted by in situ hybridization and that determined by cytogenetic analysis. 相似文献
223.
224.
M. R. Karlinger A. J. Hansen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(6):967-975
ABSTRACT: Appraisal-level, engineering economic analyses for two types of irrigation systems are compared: (1) a surface-water irrigation system, and (2) a ground-water recharge irrigation system. An artificial recharge irrigation system is an economically viable alternative to surface-distributed irrigation in a conjunctive irrigation plan if electric power rates remain sufficiently low. As electric rates increase, this viability generally decreases until it becomes completely unattractive at rates of about 0.012 dollars per kilowatt hour. 相似文献
225.
226.
Sorption of lambda-cyhalothrin,cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate to quartz,corundum, kaolinite and montmorillonite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sorption to mineral surfaces may be important for retention and degradation of hydrophobic pesticides in subsoils and aquifers poor in organic matter. In this work the title pyrethroids have been used to investigate selective interactions with the surfaces of four minerals. Sorption of the four pyrethroids was quantified in batch experiments with initial pyrethroid concentrations of 1–100 μg/l. Sorption to centrifuge tubes used in the batch experiments accounted for 25–60% of total sorption. Net sorption was obtained from total sorption after subtracting the amounts of pyrethroids sorbed to centrifuge tubes used. All isotherms could be fitted by the Freundlich equation with n ranging between 0.9 and 1.1. Bonding affinities per unit surface area decreased in the order: corundum>quartz>montmorillonitekaolinite. A similar sequence as found for the total surface tension of the minerals. All minerals showed the same selectivity order with respect to sorption affinity of the four pyrethroids: lambda-cyhalothrin>deltamethrin>cypermethrin>fenvalerate, which shows that the most hydrophobic compound is sorbed most strongly. Stereochemical properties of the four pyrethroid formulations may also contribute to the selectivity pattern. 相似文献
227.
Geir A. Sonerud Henning Hansen Christian A. Smedshaug 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2002,51(4):309-318
The function of the conspicuous pre-roost gathering in communally roosting birds is poorly known. We studied movement and
social cohesion of radio-tagged hooded crows (Corvus corone cornix) from their daytime location via pre-roost to roost in autumn and winter. With increasing snowfall the previous 24 h, the
crows attended pre-roosts farther from the territory, and moved longer from pre-roost to roost. The crows became more likely
to roost communally as distance to their territory increased. Attending a pre-roost on average almost doubled the travel distance
to a communal roost. Crows were much more likely to join the same roost when they had attended the same pre-roost than otherwise.
Breeding mates were more likely to keep together from pre-roost to roost than were other assigned pairs of a territorial male
and female. For assigned pairs of non-mates, cohesion from pre-roost to roost decreased with increasing distance to roost,
and was higher when both crows roosted communally compared to when at least one of them roosted in its territory. When both
roosted communally, cohesion decreased with increasing snowfall and increasing number of crows attending the pre-roost, increased
with increasing snow depth, and became higher among two females, compared to other combinations of two crows, with increasing
number of crows attending the pre-roost. These patterns may be interpreted as supporting several of the current hypotheses
on the function of pre-roost gathering.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
228.
The effect of irradiance, prey concentration and pH on the growth and grazing responses of the mixotrophic prymnesiophyte
Chrysochromulina ericina under N-and P-replete conditions was studied using the pedinophyte Marsupiomonas pelliculata as prey. The two organisms were inoculated in monocultures and in mixed cultures at different predator: prey ratios at three
irradiances and allowed to grow for 4–7 days. All cultures were non-axenic. Algal densities and pH were monitored throughout
the experiments and growth and grazing rates were measured. An increase in growth of C. ericina cultures at irradiances of 25 and 70 μmol photons m−2 s−1 was observed after the addition of prey, while growth of C. ericina cultures at the high irradiance (150 μmol photons m−2 s−1) was unaffected by the addition of prey. However, although the growth of C. ericina increased at low irradiance (25 μmol photons m−2 s−1), it did not reach the same level as monocultures at the high irradiance (150 μmol photons m−2 s−1), suggesting that phagotrophy can only partly replace photosynthesis in C. ericina. Maximum growth rates of C. ericina at irradiances of 25 and 70 μmol photons m−2 s−1 were obtained at concentrations of > 0.15–0.3×105
M. pelliculata ml−1, corresponding to 50–100 μg C 1−1. Ingestion of M. pelliculata cells by C. ericina did not generally follow Michaelis—Menten kinetics. Deviation from the expected saturation kinetics was especially pronounced
at irradiances of 70 and 150 μmol photons m−2 s−1. At these irradiances ingestion of M. pelliculata cells by C. ericina decreased at high concentrations of M. pelliculata, indicating an increased uptake of bacterial prey in these cultures. The growth rate of C. ericina was affected in both monocultures and in mixed cultures when pH increased above 8.6, and growth stopped around pH 9. The
prey alga M. pelliculata tolerated high pH better and, consequently, took over in the mixed cultures when pH exceeded 9. The ecological significance
of mixotrophy in the genus Chrysochromulina is discussed.
Published online: 4 July 2002 相似文献
229.
Hansen TS Kruse M Nissen H Glasius M Lohse C 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2001,3(1):139-145
Measurements of nitrogen dioxide using the Palmes diffusion tubes in Uummannaq, Aasiaat, and Nuuk. all located along the west-coast of Greenland, have demonstrated that the levels of pollution at the most heavily impacted sites are comparable to levels in much larger towns in Denmark. The highest concentrations were, in general, observed near sites influenced by car traffic (peak concentrations of up to 16 ppbv), medium concentrations were observed in the residential areas (2 6 ppbv), and very low levels were found at the background locations in the town outskirts (1-2 ppbv). Observations of nitrogen dioxide concentrations less than 0.1 ppbv at a remote site, Akia, 25 km from Nuuk, indicate that, compared to local sources, long-range transport of nitrogen dioxide is not important in western Greenland. 相似文献
230.