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991.
Persistence models for mark-recapture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The stable of models available for analyzing mark-recapture data (Otis et al. Wild Momogr 66:135, 1978) includes those having
behavioral characteristics, time variation, heterogeneity, along with combinations of those characteristics. This paper proposes
use of a series of models based on the persistence model of Ramsey and Usner (Biometrics 59:331–339, 2003). We show that persistence
can be modeled in combination with behavior and with time variation. We apply the persistence model to situations in which
capture occasions are not equally-spaced in time. Two case studies illustrate the use of these extended persistence models. 相似文献
992.
Arsenic (As) contamination has become a serious environmental problem in many countries. We have performed batch-type leaching
experiments on mine tailing soils collected from three abandoned mine areas in South Korea with the objective of evaluating
the effect of indigenous bacterial activity on As mobilization. The analysis of physicochemical properties and mineralogical
compositions of the samples indicated that the secondary minerals or phases formed as a result of the oxidation or alteration
of primary minerals were associated with the labile and bioleachable fractions of As. Compared to simulated abiotic processes
using sterilization, the indigenous bacteria activated using a carbon source were able to enhance the dissolution of As under
both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The bacterial dissolution of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) was found to occur simultaneously
with the dissolution of As, suggesting that the main bacterial mechanism was via the dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III),
Mn(IV), and As(V). An anaerobic environment was more favorable for the prominent dissolution of As in the tailing soils. These
results indicate that the mobilization of As can be enhanced in the oxygen-depleted part of the tailing dump, particularly
with the infiltration of organic substrates. The difference in the degree of As lixiviation between the three tailing soils
was found to be related to the bioavailability of As as well as the original biomass in the tailing soils. 相似文献
993.
Climate change associated with sea level rise (SLR) is one of the major environmental concerns of today. This paper presents
an assessment of the impacts of sea level rise on the coastal zone of Kanyakumari District in Tamilnadu, India. Digital Elevation
Model (DEM) combined with overlay techniques in GIS are used in determining the inundation zones along the coastal region.
The analysis evaluated the impact on coastal fishing villages, landuse, tourist spots and sensitive areas under threat. The
vulnerability of the coastal areas in Kanyakumari to inundation was quantified, based on the projected sea level rise scenarios
of 0.5 and 1 m. Our findings reveal that approximately 13 km2 of the land area of Kanyakumari would be permanently inundated due to SLR. This would result in loss of land, alteration
of the coastal zone and affects coastal ecosystem. From the study, the mitigation measures (engineering measures) and Coastal
Zone Management practices that can be taken to protect human life and property from sea level rise are suggested. 相似文献
994.
Kazuharu Yoshizuka Syouhei Nishihama Hideki Sato 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):297-302
The objective of this study was to survey the cation and anion contents of geothermal waters to gather fundamental information on geographical variations. Sixteen sites in hot spring areas on the island of Kyushu in Japan were studied. The study focused on the arsenic content of the samples. Very high arsenic concentrations (more than 0.1 mg/l) were detected in most of the geothermal waters sampled. High contents of boron and fluoride (more than 1.0 mg/l) were also detected in some samples. Arsenic removal was performed on a laboratory scale using columns packed with a magnetite-type adsorbent. The reduction of arsenic contamination to a concentration of less than 0.01 mg/l could be achieved in the early stages of adsorption (bed volume = 200). 相似文献
995.
Anthropogenic influence on surface water quality of the Nhue and Day sub-river systems in Vietnam 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pham Thi Minh Hanh Suthipong Sthiannopkao Kyoung-Woong Kim Dang The Ba Nguyen Quang Hung 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(3):227-236
In order to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of 14 physical and chemical surface water parameters in the Nhue
and Day sub-river systems of Vietnam, surface water samples were taken from 43 sampling sites during the dry and rainy seasons
in 2007. The results were statistically examined by Mann–Whitney U-test and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results show that water quality of the Day River was significantly improved during
the rainy season while this was not the case of the Nhue River. However, the river water did not meet the Vietnamese surface
water quality standards for dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients, total coliform, and fecal coliform. This implies that the health of local communities
using untreated river water for drinking purposes as well as irrigation of vegetables may be at risk. Forty-three sampling
sites were grouped into four main clusters on the basis of water quality characteristics with particular reference to geographic
location and land use and revealed the contamination levels from anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
996.
Iñaki Rodríguez-Prieto José Martín Esteban Fernández-Juricic 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(12):1937-1945
Habituation to nonlethal predation stimuli may provide benefits for animals living in areas with frequent encounters with
low-risk predators. On the other hand, individuals can be very consistent in their antipredator responses, with shy individuals
showing greater degree of responsiveness than bold individuals. However, the link between habituation or boldness and individual
benefits has not been thoroughly investigated. We established whether and how two behavioral components associated with antipredator
responses (habituation and boldness, and their interaction) would influence body condition, which is a parameter related to
fitness. We conducted an outdoor semi-natural experiment with Iberian wall lizards (Podarcis hispanica). Individual boldness was consistent across contexts, but we did not find any effect of boldness or the interaction between
boldness and habituation on body condition. However, those individuals that habituated more readily to a frequent predatory
stimulus were able to increase their body condition more relative to lizards that habituated less. This finding highlights
the importance of individual differences in behavioral plasticity, which could influence traits related to fitness. Habituation
can provide benefits for individuals exposed to low-risk predators; however, individuals more prone to habituation could also
experience mortality costs by wrongly habituating to a dangerous predator. 相似文献
997.
Susan Barrett Peter Whittle Kerrie Mengersen Richard Stoklosa 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(4):503-519
We consider the problem of designing a surveillance system to detect a broad range of invasive species across a heterogeneous
sampling frame. We present a model to detect a range of invertebrate invasives whilst addressing the challenges of multiple
data sources, stratifying for differential risk, managing labour costs and providing sufficient power of detection. We determine
the number of detection devices required and their allocation across the landscape within limiting resource constraints. The
resulting plan will lead to reduced financial and ecological costs and an optimal surveillance system. 相似文献
998.
Increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in sediment cores from the inner Clyde Estuary,UK 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher H. Vane Yun-Juan Ma She-Jun Chen Bi-Xian Mai 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):13-21
The concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in six short sediment cores from the Clyde Estuary
were determined by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1 to 2,645 μg/kg and the average
concentration was 287 μg/kg. BDE-209 was the main congener and varied from 1 to 2,337 μg/kg. Elevated total PBDE concentrations
were observed close to the sediment surface in the uppermost 10 cm of four of the six sediment cores. Comparison of the down
core PBDE profiles revealed that the increase was driven by the accumulation of deca-BDE. Although the deca-BDE mix was dominant,
the presence of lower molecular weight congeners BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183 and BDE-153 at most sediment intervals suggested
additional sources of penta-BDE and octa-BDE pollution. Changing PBDE source input was the major factor in influencing the
proportion of nona-brominated congeners, although other explanations such as post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209 cannot
be entirely discounted. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total
PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical
appliances such as televisions and computers. In the Clyde sediments, the proportion of nona-brominated congeners was higher
than that reported for commercial mixtures. This might be due to changing sources of PBDEs or post burial photo-debromination
of BDE-209. 相似文献
999.
Rodrigo W. Soria-Auza Michael Kessler Paola M. Barajas-Barbosa Marcus Lehnert Jürgen Böhner 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(8):1221-1229
The quality of climate models has largely been overlooked as a possible source of uncertainty that may affect the outcomes of species distribution models, especially in the tropics, where comparatively few climatic stations are available. We compared the geographical discrepancies and potential conservation implications of using two different climate models (Saga and Worldclim) in combination with the species modelling approach Maxent in Bolivia. We estimated ranges of selected bird and fern species biogeographically restricted to either humid montane forest of the northern Bolivian Andes or seasonal dry tropical forests (in the Andes and southern lowlands). Saga and Worldclim predicted roughly similar climate patterns of temperature that were significantly correlated. Precipitation layers of both climate models were also roughly similar, but showed important differences. Species ranges estimated with Worldclim and Saga likewise produced different results. Ranges of species endemic to humid montane forests estimated with Saga had higher AUC (Area under the curve) values than those estimated with Worldclim, which for example predicted the occurrence of humid montane forest bird species near Lake Titicaca, an area that is clearly unsuitable for these species. Likewise, Worldclim overpredicted the occurrence of fern and bird species in the lowlands of the Chapare region and well south of the Andean Elbow, where more seasonal biomes occur. By contrast, Saga predictions were coherent with the known distribution of humid montane forests in the northern Bolivian Andes. Estimated ranges of species endemic to seasonal dry tropical forests predicted with Saga and Worldclim were not statistically different in most cases. However, detailed comparisons revealed that Saga was able to distinguish fragments of seasonal dry tropical forests in rain-shadow valleys of the northern Bolivian Andes, whereas Worldclim was not. These differences highlight the neglected influence of climate layers on modelling results and the importance of using the most accurate climate data available when modelling species distributions. 相似文献
1000.