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101.
102.
Banerjee Aparna Das Debasis Andler Rodrigo Bandopadhyay Rajib 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(8):2701-2709
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Nowadays when control of environmental toxicity is a matter of concern, the focus of the researchers is to find an eco-friendly process. Considering the... 相似文献
103.
Mymrin Vsevolod Aibuldinov Elaman K. Avanci Monica A. Alekseev Kirill Argenda Marco A. Carvalho Karina Q. Erbs Alexandre Catai Rodrigo E. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(2):591-603
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The article presents data from new compositions of construction materials developed from three types of Kazakhstan enterprises’ industrial... 相似文献
104.
Pyrolysis biochar systems for recovering biodegradable materials: A life cycle carbon assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A life cycle assessment (LCA) focused on biochar and bioenergy generation was performed for three thermal treatment configurations (slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and gasification). Ten UK biodegradable wastes or residues were considered as feedstocks in this study. Carbon (equivalent) abatement (CA) and electricity production indicators were calculated. Slow pyrolysis systems offer the best performance in terms of CA, with net results varying from 0.07 to 1.25tonnes of CO(2)eq.t(-1) of feedstock treated. On the other hand, gasification achieves the best electricity generation outputs, with results varying around 0.9MWhet(-1) of feedstock. Moreover, selection of a common waste treatment practice as the reference scenario in an LCA has to be undertaken carefully as this will have a key influence upon the CA performance of pyrolysis or gasification biochar systems (P/GBS). Results suggest that P/GBS could produce important environmental benefits in terms of CA, but several potential pollution issues arising from contaminants in the biochar have to be addressed before biochar and bioenergy production from biodegradable waste can become common practice. 相似文献
105.
Gerd Sparovek Alberto Barretto Goran Berndes Sergio Martins Rodrigo Maule 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(3):285-298
Governments are promoting biofuels and the resulting changes in land use and crop reallocation to biofuels production have
raised concerns about impacts on environment and food security. The promotion of biofuels has also been questioned based on
suggested marginal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions reduction, partly due to induced land use change causing greenhouse
gas emissions. This study reports how the expansion of sugarcane in Brazil during 1996–2006 affected indicators for environment,
land use and economy. The results indicate that sugarcane expansion did not in general contribute to direct deforestation
in the traditional agricultural region where most of the expansion took place. The amount of forests on farmland in this area
is below the minimum stated in law and the situation did not change over the studied period. Sugarcane expansion resulted
in a significant reduction of pastures and cattle heads and higher economic growth than in neighboring areas. It could not
be established to what extent the discontinuation of cattle production induced expansion of pastures in other areas, possibly
leading to indirect deforestation. However, the results indicate that a possible migration of the cattle production reached
further than the neighboring of expansion regions. Occurring at much smaller rates, expansion of sugarcane in regions such
as the Amazon and the Northeast region was related to direct deforestation and competition with food crops, and appear not
to have induced economic growth. These regions are not expected to experience substantial increases of sugarcane in the near
future, but mitigating measures are warranted. 相似文献
106.
107.
Schroederichthys chilensis is a common shark that lives in Chilean coastal environments. In this work, the relationship between liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase dealkylation (EROD) activity and Fluorescent Aromatic Compounds (FAC) in bile of S. chilensis sampled in three bays with different degrees of pollution were performed including a reference area. Sixty individuals were collected, 20 for each site; (10 males and 10 females per site) livers and bile samples were obtained and immediately frozen. EROD activity and FAC were measured according to three standard methods. EROD activity and FAC were higher in polluted areas than in the reference area. Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra of the bile from the fish collected at the most polluted area showed a peak at 347nm representing a metabolite corresponding to 1-hydroxypyrene. The low EROD activity in the reference area is likely related to the low level of PAH in sediments. We propose that this species is a good indicator of exposure to FACs, since it presents a series of characteristics that make it suitable for monitoring PAH exposure in coastal zones. 相似文献
108.
Orrego R Jiménez B Bordajandi LR Gavilán JF Inzunza B Abad E González MJ Rivera J Barra R 《Chemosphere》2005,60(7):829-835
The Biobio River basin, located in central Chile, is one of the most important freshwater resources for a population of 1 million inhabitants. The river receives discharges of pulp mills, sewage treatment plants and there is a diffuse input of materials coming from the drainage basin. Previous studies reported high levels of etoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction in fish from the lower stretch of the river, mainly due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure. The present study investigates polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) levels as well as EROD induction in fish livers from Central Chile's Biobio River. Dioxin and furan levels in fish livers are reported for the first time in three areas of the Basin. In all samples the highest concentrations were found for the octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and PCDD/F TEQ concentrations ranged from 2.83 to 6.33 ppt (wet weight). The results indicate a clear induction of EROD activity in different fish species as the river mouth is approached, although this induction is not clearly related with dioxin and furan levels found in the fish livers. Our results clearly show that other pollutants might be acting as EROD inductors in the Biobio Basin. 相似文献
109.
M. C. Alvim Ferraz M. C. Faria Ferraz J. M. Ferraz P. I. Fonseca 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1988,11(2):183-192
This area has a rate of patients with obstructive chronic lung disease that is the highest in Portugal and the second in Europe. Levels of pollution observed in 1985/86 and 1986/87 allowed evaluating the effects of concentrations lower than those that usually cause acute episodes. It was observed that even low levels of strong acidity can be related with lung diseases, when observed simultaneously with appreciable levels of black smoke; climatic factors have a synergetic effect. 相似文献
110.
Xavier Arnan Mariona Ferrandiz-Rovira Clara Pladevall Anselm Rodrigo 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(10):1881-1890
Messor bouvieri is a seed-harvesting ant species in which workers forage in trails from the nest to a search area. A previous observation
of seed transfer events between workers returning to the nest suggested potential task partitioning. In this study, we describe
seed transportation and analyze the role of task partitioning in the foraging strategy of this species in terms of seed intake
efficiency in relation to costs and benefits based on transport speed and task reliability. We assess the harvesting efficiency
of task partitioning by comparing cooperative seed transport (CST) and individual seed transport (IST) events. Our results
show task partitioning in the form of a sequence of transfer events among workers going from the search area to the nest.
Importantly, and despite the weak worker polymorphism of this species, this sequence involved workers of different sizes,
with seeds usually being passed along from smaller to larger workers. In addition, we show that small workers are better at
finding seeds (spend less time finding a seed), and large workers are better at transporting them (were faster when walking
back to the nest and lost fewer seeds). However, we failed to demonstrate that workers of different sizes are specialized
in performing the task in which they excel. Overall, sequential CST in M. bouvieri results in a greater seed intake because seed search time decreases and task reliability increases, compared to IST. The
determinants and adaptive benefits of CST are discussed. 相似文献