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排序方式: 共有135条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
91.
R.?ThresherEmail author C.?Proctor G.?Ruiz R.?Gurney C.?MacKinnon W.?Walton L.?Rodriguez N.?Bax 《Marine Biology》2003,142(5):867-876
In Australia and most other invaded locations, rates of range expansion by the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas, are typically only a few kilometres per year, despite a planktonic duration upwards of 50 days and off-shore larval development. This relatively static distribution is punctuated by rare episodes of long-distance and large-scale spread, some of which appear to be related to unusual oceanographic conditions and some of which are likely to be human assisted. These observations suggest, first, that long planktonic duration and off-shore development in a marine invertebrate does not preclude very localised recruitment, and, second, that this recruitment norm may be punctuated by brief episodes of wide scale mixing of propagules. Punctuated dispersal has previously been suggested to account for large-scale biogeographic patterns of distribution and speciation, but may also have implications for the processes that stabilise structured spatial metapopulations. 相似文献
92.
Piggery waste treatment by anaerobic digestion and nutrient removal by ionic exchange 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Snchez Z. Miln R. Borja P. Weiland X. Rodriguez 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1995,15(3-4)
Piggery wastes must be treated before their disposal. The high solids content and high chemical oxygen demand of piggery wastes indicated that anaerobic biological treatment could be successfully applied as primary treatment. For that reason, a comparison between upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) and anaerobic fixed bed reactor (AFBR) at a similar organic volumetric loading rate of 5 kg DQO/m3 day was carried out. 60% of the piggery waste COD was removed with the AFBR compared to 40% with the UASB, thus showing a better performance of the AFBR. After 1-h sedimentation secondary process, both anaerobic effluents were treated by ionic exchange with natural zeolite due to their high values of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH+4 plus free NH3). The high removal of nutrients reported (90%) shows zeolite to be a good choice as tertiary treatment. 相似文献
93.
Victor Rodriguez Padilla 《Natural resources forum》1991,15(1):2-14
The petroleum tax systems of nine West African countries are compared and analysed for their effectiveness in capturing the maximum amount of oil revenues. As a general rule, those countries which are major oil-exporting countries have the highest tax rates whereas those which are oil-importing countries have the lowest. The tax systems have changed over time, reflecting inter alia, changing national attitudes towards foreign investment, the price of oil and domestic needs. One conclusion reached is that many of the tax systems in place today are regressive in that the tax rates are fixed and are not adjusted to the profitability or non-profitability of the oil field . 相似文献
94.
Summary. Passeriformes is the largest order of birds and includes one third of the bird species of the world, living in very diverse
habitats. We investigated the chemistry of preen gland secretions of some groups of passerines from temperate regions found
in diverse microhabitats. Some of the common components were mixtures of homologous monoesters made up of long chain acids
and alcohols. Individual species had characteristic distribution of esters and was unique to a given species, although there
were some individual variations. We compared the composition of acids and alcohols that formed same molecular weight esters
in different species and we found that the combination of acids and alcohols to arrive at same molecular compositions varied
distinctly between species. To compare compositions of over all acids and alcohols that formed the esters, the representative
samples of secretions from the individual species were transesterfied the produce methyl esters and alcohols. We found that
there were distinct differences in number of acids and alcohols that produced the combination of homologous mixtures of esters.
Also they differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. There were also seasonal differences in the secretion components.
Thus though the intact mixtures of esters in individual species had some similarities, they were very complex mixtures and
differed characteristically for individual species. Here we discuss possible causes for evolution of these variations. We
suggest that the evolution in variation of preen gland secretion is probably due to selective pressures caused by ectosymbionts
such as feather-mites and feather-chewing lice that live on feathers and probably feed on the secretions and surrounding environments 相似文献
95.
Sources, distribution and variability of airborne trace metals in La Plata City area, Argentina 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Bilos C Colombo JC Skorupka CN Rodriguez Presa MJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2001,111(1):149-158
Airborne particulate trace metals have been measured bimonthly during day and night hours in four permanent stations located in residential, industrial and commercial sectors of La Plata City region, to characterize the sources and variability of atmospheric inputs. Airborne trace metal regional averages (Pb 64 +/- 62, Cu 30 +/- 27, Mn 26 +/- 20, Zn 273 +/- 227, Fe 1183 +/- 838, Ca 5343 +/- 3614, Mg 1472 +/- 967, Cr 4.3 +/- 2.4, Ni 3.2 +/- 3.5 and Cd 0.41 +/- 0.42 ng/m3) are comparable to the values reported for not grossly polluted cities and below the general trend described for urban particulates. Two- and three-way analysis of variance and variance components tests (P < 0.05) were performed to assess the contribution of the diurnal (day vs. night), spatial (inter-station) and temporal (inter-month) components of variability. Trace metal concentrations followed the behavior of total suspended particles with higher concentrations during the day and at the Downtown station and lower at the Residential site. In general, spatial and temporal variations prevailed over diurnal differences. Spatial differences were clearly most significant for Pb, which presented higher values at the Downtown site reflecting the importance of motor exhaust inputs. In contrast, diurnal differences were more important for Mn due to increased dust resuspension during day hours. A seasonal trend with concentrations usually increasing during winter months and decreasing in spring-summer was also detected. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural element sources. High EF (21-376) were obtained for Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu reflecting the importance of anthropic inputs. The comparison with EF calculated for high-emitting vehicle particle emissions indicated that motor exhausts are the most important source of these elements in La Plata region. In contrast, the EF calculated for Mn, Cr, Ni, Ca and Mg were low (1.3-7.5) suggesting chiefly natural sources, i.e. soil-derived dusts. 相似文献
96.
A simple high resolution technique for human chromosomes is described for fibroblasts obtained from amniotic fluid cell cultures. The application and clinical significance of this technique in prenatal diagnosis is discussed. 相似文献
97.
In vitro gluconic acid formation and phosphate solubilization from sparingly soluble phosphorus sources by two strains of the plant growth-promoting bacteria A. brasilense (Cd and 8-I) and one strain of A. lipoferum JA4 were studied. Strains of A. brasilense were capable of producing gluconic acid when grown in sparingly soluble calcium phosphate medium when their usual fructose carbon source is amended with glucose. At the same time, there is a reduction in pH of the medium and release of soluble phosphate. To a greater extent, gluconic acid production and pH reduction were observed for A. lipoferum JA4. For the three strains, clearing halos were detected on solid medium plates with calcium phosphate. This is the first report of in vitro gluconic acid production and direct phosphate solubilization by A. brasilense and the first report of P solubilization by A. lipoferum. This adds to the very broad spectrum of plant growth-promoting abilities of this genus. 相似文献
98.
针对当前黑臭河道治理工作中出现的黑臭反复,长效性难保持问题,以某内源污染严重的重度黑臭河道为例实施原位生态修复。第1阶段采用超微气泡富氧(移动式曝气船+定点式曝气设备)和生物活化技术进行水体和底质修复,削减内源污染,改善生境;第2阶段应用定点式曝气设备、生态浮岛、水生植物净化、水生动物多样性调控进行生态修复,营造健康稳定的生态系统。经过近4个月的治理,治理区水质由重度黑臭稳定达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类水标准,水体COD、NH3-N和TP含量分别为28.79,0.36,0.19 mg/L,去除率分别达到45%、98%和85%以上,治理后水体澄清,可见多种水生动物和沉水植物,河道底质呈现自然泥土色泽,在未进行清淤处理的情况下即达到了泥水共治的效果,水环境质量得到显著提升,实现了长效治理。 相似文献
99.
为评价三唑酮在大白菜施用后的环境安全性,建立了GC测定蔬菜及土壤中三唑酮残留的方法,进行露地与设施栽培条件三唑酮在大白莱和土壤中的消解动态和最终残留研究.在大白菜和土壤中的最低检测质量分数均为0.001 mg/kg,三唑酮的平均加标回收率为81.5%~110.6%,变异系数为1.32%~6.04%.消解动态试验为2倍推荐使用剂量施药1次,三唑酮在设施栽培大白菜的半衰期分别为2.72~3.30 d和3.21~3.35 d;露地栽培为2.35~2.87 d和2.30~3.12 d.设施栽培大白菜中三唑酮残留量与用药量正相关,随着施药量的增加,消解速度减慢,残留量相应增大.研究可为制定三唑酮设施栽培大白菜上最大残留限量和合理使用准则以及风险评估提供科学依据. 相似文献
100.
Nabil Ben Omar Manuel Entrena MaTeresa González‐Muñoz José Maria Arias Francisco Huertas Manuel Rodriguez‐Gallego 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-4):209-217
We studied the morphological diversity of struvite crystals produced by Myxococcus coralloides and Myxococcus xanthus in different culture conditions. We discussed the similarities of these crystals with the struvite morphology studied previously following the theory of the periodic bond chains. 相似文献