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121.
Rosa Binimelis 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2008,21(5):437-457
The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Europe has been characterized by controversy. In 2002, the European
Union introduced the concept of “coexistence” as a compromise solution that, through the establishment of science-based technical
measures, should allow the market to operate freely while reducing policy conflicts on GMOs. However, the concept remains
highly contested and the technical measures difficult to apply. This paper presents qualitative research on the conceptualization
and implementation of the coexistence framework in two regions of Spain (Catalonia and Aragon), where 42% and 55% of maize
was GM in 2006, respectively. In this context, the concept of coexistence and its proposed implementation both fail to resolve
previous conflicts and actually work to generate new ones through the individualization of choice and impacts. Considerations
of the social conditions in which the technology and the management measures are implemented were not taken into account.
This resulted in the promotion of biotechnological agriculture over other alternatives. 相似文献
122.
123.
Pimenteira CA Pereira AS Oliveira LB Rosa LP Reis MM Henriques RM 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2004,24(9):889-897
The present paper aims to make the energy saving potential provided by waste recycling in Brazil evident by pointing out more specifically the benefits regarding climate change mitigation. In this case, based on the energy saved due to the recycling process of an exogenous amount of waste, we have built two scenarios in order to show the potential for indirectly avoiding CO2 emissions in the country as a result of the recycling process. According to the scenario, 1 Mt and 3.5 Mt of CO2, respectively, would be avoided per year due to solid waste recycling. The international context for greenhouse gas emissions reduction, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol has been taken into account. 相似文献
124.
Fernández Pilar Rose Neil L. Vilanova Rosa M. Grimalt Joan O. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):261-274
Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP) and polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been measured in the dated sediment cores of 10 remote lakes distributed across Europe. The geographic trends were evaluated by examination of the superficial sediment fluxes and total sediment inventories. The highest levels of both markers were observed in the Eastern European lakes whereas the minimal values corresponded to the lake located in the Arctic. However, this SCP-PAH correlation was not observed after exclusion of the end member lakes from the series. The temporal trends of both pollutant markers are consistent with the history of pyrolytic emissions over Europe. However, the downcore SCP distributions are shorter than the PAH profiles in nearly all lakes. The differences are probably related to the different size particle fractions involved in the measurement of each marker, >5 and >1 m for SCP and PAH, respectively. Thus, the two proxies probably reflect pollution inputs from closer (SCP) and more distant sites (PAH). 相似文献
125.
Silva Neicí Cáceres Poetini Márcia Rósula Bianchini Matheus Chimelo Almeida Francielli Polet Dahle Mustafá Munir Mustafa Araujo Stífani Machado Bortolotto Vandreza Cardoso Musachio Elize Aparecida Santos Ramborger Bruna Piaia Novo Diogo La Rosa Roehrs Rafael Mesko Marcia Foster Prigol Marina Puntel Robson Luiz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17519-17531
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that, in excess, seems to be involved in the development of different neurodegenerative conditions.... 相似文献
126.
Flores-Álvarez JM González I García-de la Rosa LA Mancilla-Peña F Reyes-Gómez J 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):448-456
Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with a biosolid, two types of soils with different amounts of organic matter (OM), and two biocomposites (soils mixed with a biosolid) were used to assess and compare the Cu(II) ion retention properties of the organic matter contained in the samples. The accumulation of Cu(II) on the surface of the modified carbon paste electrodes (MCPEs) was performed under open-circuit conditions. When comparing the response of the MCPEs while assessing parameters such as pH, preconcentration time, and adsorption/desorption capacity, it was found that the reaction mechanism of the two soils is different between the soils and dissimilar from the biosolid; while the biocomposites show reaction mechanisms that are intermediate between those of the soils and the biosolid. This was proven with the use of infrared spectroscopy, since the FTIR spectra show similarities between the two soils and significant differences between the soils and the biosolid. 相似文献
127.
Road-killed mammals, birds, and reptiles were collected weekly from highways in southern Brazil in 2002 and 2005. The objective
was to assess variation in estimates of road-kill impacts on species richness produced by different sampling efforts, and
to provide information to aid in the experimental design of future sampling. Richness observed in weekly samples was compared
with sampling for different periods. In each period, the list of road-killed species was evaluated based on estimates the
community structure derived from weekly samplings, and by the presence of the ten species most subject to road mortality,
and also of threatened species. Weekly samples were sufficient only for reptiles and mammals, considered separately. Richness
estimated from the biweekly samples was equal to that found in the weekly samples, and gave satisfactory results for sampling
the most abundant and threatened species. The ten most affected species showed constant road-mortality rates, independent
of sampling interval, and also maintained their dominance structure. Birds required greater sampling effort. When the composition
of road-killed species varies seasonally, it is necessary to take biweekly samples for a minimum of one year. Weekly or more-frequent
sampling for periods longer than two years is necessary to provide a reliable estimate of total species richness. 相似文献
128.
The innovative approach to the protection and management of water resources at the basin scale introduced by the European Union water framework directive (WFD) requires new scientific tools. WFD implementation also requires the participation of many stakeholders (administrators, farmers and citizens) with the aim of improving the quality of river waters and basin ecosystems through cooperative planning. This approach encompasses different issues, such as agro-ecology, land use planning and water management. This paper presents the results of a methodology suggested for implementing the WFD in the case of the Seveso river contract in Italy, one of the recent WFD applications. The Seveso basin in the Lombardy region has been one of the most rapidly urbanizing areas in Italy over the last 50?years. First, land use changes in the last 50?years are assessed with the use of historical aerial photos. Then, elements of an ecological network along the river corridor are outlined, and different scenarios for enhancing existing ecological connections are assessed using indicators from graph theory. These scenarios were discussed in technical workshops with involved stakeholders of the river contract. The results show a damaged rural landscape, where urbanization processes have decimated the system of linear green features (hedges/rows). Progressive reconnections of some of the identified network nodes may significantly increase the connectivity and circuitry of the study area. 相似文献
129.