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311.
Solorzano-Ochoa G de la Rosa DA Maiz-Larralde P Gullett BK Tabor DG Touati A Wyrzykowska-Ceradini B Fiedler H Abel T Carroll WF 《Chemosphere》2012,87(9):1003-1008
Open burning for waste disposal is, in many countries, the dominant source of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/PCDF/PCB) release to the environment. To generate emission factors for open burning, experimental pile burns of about 100 kg of household waste were conducted with emissions sampling. From these experiments and others conducted by the same authors it is found that less compaction of waste or active mixing during the fire - “stirring” - promotes better combustion (as evidenced by lower CO/CO2 ratio) and reduces emissions of PCDD/PCDF/PCB; an intuitive but previously undemonstrated result. These experiments also support previous results suggesting PCDD/PCDF/PCB generation in open burning - while still highly variable - tends to be greater in the later (smoldering) phases of burning when the CO/CO2 ratio increases. 相似文献
312.
The molluscicidal activity of essential oils from two endemic (Juniperusbrevifolia; Laurus azorica) and three introduced (Hedychium gardnerianum; Pittosporum undulatum; Psidium cattleianum) Azorean plants against the snail Radix peregra was studied under laboratory conditions. Essential oils from leaves of H. gardnerianum, L. azorica and J.brevifolia presented promising molluscicidal activity on both adults and juveniles stages of R. peregra. The molluscicidal activity of these essential oils was found to be both time and concentration dependent. Lethal concentrations (LC50) varied between 15.4 (L. azorica) and 44.6 ppm (H. gardnerianum) for juveniles and from 45.3 (H. gardnerianum) to 54.6 ppm (J. brevifolia) for R. peregra adults. Ovicidal effect, calculated as percentage of egg hatching, at 100 ppm concentration, was observed in essential oils from P. undulatum flowers (4.2% of hatching) and leaves of H. gardnerianum (4.9%), L. azorica (7.4%) and J. brevifolia (17.7%). The present study is the first attempt to assess the molluscicidal potential of some Azorean plants essential oils against a Lymnaeidae snail. In fact, the H. gardnerianum, L. azorica and J. brevifolia can offer natural alternative tools for the control of R. peregra population, but more research is needed in order to determine the mode of action of these oils and determine the side effects on the ecosystem where this freshwater snail occurs. 相似文献
313.
Patrícia Palma Paula Alvarenga Vera Palma Cláudia Matos Rosa Maria Fernandes Amadeu Soares Isabel Rita Barbosa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):703-716
Background, aim, and scope
Freshwater reservoirs can be impacted by several hazardous substances through inputs from agricultural activity, sewage discharges, and groundwater leaching and runoff. The water quality assessment is very important for implementation of the monitoring and remediation programs to minimize the risk promoted by hazardous substances in aquatic ecosystems. Evaluation of the degree of contamination of aquatic environments must not take in account only its chemical characterization but it must be complemented with biological assays, which determine potential toxic effects and allows an integrated evaluation of its effects in populations and aquatic ecosystem communities. The application of this type of strategy has clear advantages allowing a general evaluation of the effects from all the water components, including those due to unknown substances and synergic, antagonistic, or additive effects. There are only a few studies that reported ecotoxicological acute end points, for the assessment of surface water quality, and the relationship among toxicity results and the anthropogenic pollution sources and the seasonal period. The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological characterization of the surface water from Alqueva reservoir (South of Portugal) and to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic sources of pollution and their seasonal variation in its toxicity. The construction of Alqueva reservoir was recently finished (2002) and, to our knowledge, an ecotoxicological assessment of its surface water has not been performed. Because of that, no information is available on the possible impact of pollutants on the biota. The surface water toxicity was assessed using acute and chronic bioassays. The results are to be used for developing a monitoring program, including biological methods. 相似文献314.
315.
V.?L.?P.?SalazarEmail author A.?L.?Le?o D.?S.?Rosa J.?G.?C.?Gomez R.?C.?P.?Alli 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(3):677-688
This paper discusses the results of biodegradability tests of natural fibers used by the automotive industry, namely: coir,
coir with latex, and sisal. The biodegradation of coir, coir with latex, and of sisal fibers was determined by monitoring
the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) (IBAMA—E.1.1.2, 1988) and fungal growth (DIN 53739, 1984). The contents of total extractives, lignin, holocellulose, ashes,
carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen of the fibers under study were determined in order to ascertain their actual content and to
understand the results of the biodegradation tests. The production of CO2 indicated low biodegradation, i.e., about 10% in mass, for all the materials after 45 days of testing; in other words, no
material inhibited glucose degradation. However, the percentage of sisal fiber degradation was fourfold higher than that of
coir with latex in the same period of aging. The fungal growth test showed a higher growth rate on sisal fibers, followed
by coir without latex. In the case of coir with latex, we believe the fungal growth was not intense, because natural latex
produces a bactericide or fungicide for its preservation during bleeding [1]. An evaluation of the materials after 90 days of aging tests revealed breaking of the fibers, particularly sisal and coir
without latex, indicating fungal attack and biodegradation processes. 相似文献
316.
We analysed concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb in above and belowground tissues of the halophyte species Halimione portulacoides and Spartina maritima, as well as in sediments and pore water between the roots in a Tagus estuary salt marsh (Portugal). From these results we calculated the pools of metals in the compartments mentioned above. Relative percentages of accumulation in each pool were also determined. Our aim was to determine how the type of vegetation in the salt marsh affects overall metal retention capacity of the system. It was concluded that areas colonised by H. portulacoides are potential sources of Cu, Cd and Pb to the marsh ecosystem, whereas areas colonised by S. maritima are more effective sinks at least for Cu and Cd. Consequently, S. maritima seems to contribute more effectively to the stabilisation of metals in salt marsh sediments, reducing their availability to the estuarine system. 相似文献
317.
Rosa EV Giuradelli TM Corrêa AX Rörig LR Schwingel PR Resgalla C Radetski CM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(2):463-469
The short term (eco)toxicity potential of fresh and stabilized textile sludges, as well as the short term (eco)toxicity of leachates obtained from both fresh and stabilized textile sludges, was evaluated by a battery of toxicity tests carried out with bacteria, algae, daphnids, fish, earthworms, and higher plants. The (eco)toxicological results showed that, after 120 d of stabilization, the experimental loading ratio of 25% sludge:75% soil (v/v) (equivalent to 64.4 ton/ha) did not significantly increase toxicity effects and increased significantly the biomass yield for earthworms and higher plants. The rank of biological sensitivity endpoints was: Algae approximately Plant biomass > Plant germination approximately Daphnids > Bacteria approximately Fish > Annelids. The lack of short term toxicity effects and the stimulant effect observed with higher plants and earthworms are good indications of the fertilizer/conditioner potential of this industrial waste, which after stabilization can be used in the restoration of a non-productive forest soil. 相似文献
318.
Barbara Almeida Souza Josianne Claudia Sales Rosa Pedro Bueno R. Campos Luis Enrique Sánchez 《Conservation biology》2023,37(4):e14094
Evaluating the outcomes and tracking the trajectory of biodiversity offsets is essential to demonstrating their effectiveness as a mechanism to conciliate development and conservation. We reviewed the literature to determine the principles that should underpin biodiversity offset planning and the criteria for offset evaluation at the project level. According to the literature, the core principles of equivalence, additionality, and permanence are used as criteria to evaluate conservation outcomes of offsets. We applied the criteria to evaluate offsets of a large iron ore mining project in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. We examined equivalence in terms of the amount of area per biodiversity value affected and fauna and flora similarity, additionality in terms of landscape connectivity, and permanence in terms of guarantees to ensure protection and restoration offsets lasting outcomes. We found an offset ratio (amount of affected area:offset area) of 1:1.8 for forests and 1:2 for grasslands. Ecological equivalence (i.e., similarity between affected and offset areas) was found for forested areas, but not for ferruginous rupestrian grasslands or for fauna. Landscape metrics showed that connectivity improved relative to the preproject situation as a result of locating restoration offsets in the largest and best-connected forest patch. Permanence of offsets was addressed by establishing covenants and management measures, but financial guarantees to cover maintenance costs after mine closure were lacking. Offsets should be equivalent in type and size, provide conservation outcomes that would not be obtained without them (additionality), and be lasting (permanence). To monitor and evaluate offsets, it is necessary to determine how well these 3 principles are applied in the planning, implementation, and maintenance of offsets. Achieving measurable conservation outcomes from offsets is a long-term endeavor that requires sustained management support, and is information intensive. Thus, offsets require ongoing monitoring and evaluation as well as adaptive management. 相似文献
319.
Gomes Fernanda Bento Rosa Cândido Vinícius Bignoto da Rocha Vargas Isabela Salgado de Paiva Luiz Evaristo Dias Silva Jonathas Batista Gonçalves Branco Otavio Eurico de Aquino Castro Samuel Rodrigues 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):144-156
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Leakage modeling can be crucial for environmental management and control of waste landfills. However, defining boundary conditions for these models... 相似文献
320.
Marta S. Pimentel Katja Trübenbach Filipa Faleiro Joana Boavida-Portugal Tiago Repolho Rui Rosa 《Marine Biology》2012,159(9):2051-2059
The impact of a realistic warming scenario on the metabolic physiology of early cephalopod (squid Loligo vulgaris and cuttlefish Sepia officinalis) life stages was investigated. During exposure to the warming conditions (19 °C for the western coast of Portugal in 2100), the increase in oxygen consumption rates throughout embryogenesis was much steeper in squid (28-fold increase) than in cuttlefish (11-fold increase). The elevated catabolic activity–accelerated oxygen depletion within egg capsules, which exacerbated metabolic suppression toward the end of embryogenesis. Squid late-stage embryos appear to be more impacted by warming via metabolic suppression than cuttlefish embryos. At all temperature scenarios, the transition from encapsulated embryos to planktonic paralarvae implied metabolic increments higher than 100 %. Contrary to the nektobenthic strategy of cuttlefish newborns, the planktonic squid paralarvae rely predominantly on pulsed jet locomotion that dramatically increases their energy requirements. In the future, hatchlings will require more food per unit body size and, thus, feeding intake success will be crucial, especially for squid with high metabolic rates and low levels of metabolic reserves. 相似文献